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• Products
  • Research Areas
    • Apoptosis
      • Regulated Cell Death
        • Pyroptosis
        • Pattern Recognition Receptors and Their Role in Cell Death
      • Apoptosis Overview
        • Induction Phase of Apoptosis
        • Early Phase of Apoptosis
        • Mid Phase of Apoptosis
        • Late Phase of Apoptosis
        • Analysis of Apoptosis by Western Blotting
        • Analysis of Apoptosis by Imaging
        • Analysis of Apoptosis by Flow Cytometry
      • Apoptosis Kits
        • Annexin V Kit
        • Caspases FLICA™
        • Cathepsin Kits
        • MitoPT™ Kits
        • pSIVA™ Real-Time Apoptosis Kit
        • FLISP Serine Protease Detection Kits
      • Autophagy Antibodies
        • Reporter Protein Antibodies
        • Magic Red™ Cathepsin kits
        • Mitochondria Molecule Antibodies
        • LC3 Antibody
      • Mitochondria Molecules Antibodies & Kits
        • MitoPT Kits
      • Cell Membrane Antibodies
        • Annexin V Kit
        • CTL/Granzyme Mediated Apoptosis
        • Caspases: Mediators of Apoptosis
      • Cytoplasmic Molecules Antibodies and Kits
      • Nuclear Molecules Antibodies
      • Apoptosis Cell Membrane Receptors - Death Receptors
      • Apo-BrdU™ Tunel Kits
    • Cancer
      • Cancer Research Posters
        • AML Research Related Products
        • Melanoma Research Related Products
        • Mitochondrial Dynamics Related Products
        • EGF R Signaling Pathway
        • mTOR Signaling Pathway
        • NF-κB Signaling Pathway
      • Cancer PrecisionAb Antibodies
      • Cell Proliferation and Viability
        • alamarBlue - Cell Proliferation Assay
          • What is alamarBlue?
          • Advantages of alamarBlue
          • How to use alamarBlue
          • Tips and Advice
          • Colorimetric and Fluorometric Calculators
          • Protocols for alamarBlue
            • Method to Determine LD50 using alamarBlue
            • QC test for alamarBlue
            • Measuring cytotoxicity or proliferation using alamarBlue
            • Determining optimum length of incubation and plating density
            • Spectrophotometry calculations for using different filters
            • alamarBlue Example Experiments
          • alamarBlue Scientific Resources
          • FAQs
        • BrdU Resources
          • BrdU (Bromodeoxyuridine)
          • BrdU Antibodies for Cell Proliferation Detection
          • BrdU Antibodies
          • BrdU Staining Protocols
          • BrdU References
          • Mini-review: Understanding the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle - a Biological and Experimental Overview
          • BrdU in Adult Neurogenesis Research - Part 1
          • BrdU in Adult Neurogenesis Research - Part 2
          • BrdU in Neurogenesis Research Podcast - Podcast Script
          • BrdU Antibodies
        • MCM2 Proliferation Detection Antibody
          • Rabbit Anti MCM2 Proliferation Pairs Staining Procedure
      • Cell Signaling
        • Growth Factors
        • Kinases
        • Translation Factors
        • Transcription Factors
        • Phosphatases
        • Phosphatases in Cancer
        • Phospho-Specific PrecisionAb Antibodies
        • Phospho-Specific Antibodies: 20% OFF Introductory Offer
        • Phospho-Specific Antibodies
        • Sumoylation Mediated Signaling
        • Ubiquitination Mediated Signaling
        • EGF R Antibodies and Resources
          • Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGF R)
          • EGF R Antibodies
          • EGF R Signaling Pathway
          • Tyrosine Phosphorylation of EGF R
          • Blog: Tailor-made just for you: a future with precision medicine
          • Blog: Why EGF R is an attractive target for cancer therapy
      • Oncogenes and Oncoproteins
        • Antibodies and Proteins for the Analysis of Oncoproteins
      • Tumor Suppressors
        • Antibodies for the Analysis of Tumor Suppressor Proteins
        • p53 Antibody: An Introductory Guide
      • Cancer Research Highlights
        • Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
        • Cancer Stem Cells
        • Cancer Associated Fibroblasts: An Introductory Guide
    • Cell Biology
      • 14-3-3 Antibodies
      • Apoptosis & Autophagy Antibodies & Kits
      • Aurora A Kinase Antibodies
      • DNA and DNA Modifications
      • Epitope Tag & Reporter Protein Antibodies
        • Epitope Tag Antibodies
          • References: Epitope Tag Antibodies
          • Specifications
          • V5 Tag Antibodies
          • His-Tag Antibodies
          • DYKDDDDK Tag antibodies
          • Anti VSV-G Tag Antibodies
          • HA-Tag Antibodies
          • S-Tag Antibodies
          • C-Myc Tag Antibodies
          • Strep Tag Antibodies
        • Reporter Protein Antibodies
      • Stem Cells
        • Endothelial Stem Cell Antibodies
        • Hematopoetic Stem Cell Antibodies
        • Mesencyhmal Stem Cell Antibodies
        • Neural Stem Cells
        • Pluripotent & Early Differentiation Antibodies
        • Stem Cell Signaling Antibodies
        • CD31
        • CD41
        • CD34
        • CD105
        • CD45
        • CD90
      • The Notch signaling pathway and its physiological functions
    • Cell Health
      • Autophagy
      • Apoptosis
      • Cell Viability
        • Vivafix Cell Viability Assays
        • ReadiDrop™ 7-AAD
        • PureBlu™ DAPI
        • PureBlu™ Hoechst 33342
        • ReadiDrop™ Propidium Iodide
      • Cell Proliferation
        • CytoTrack™ Cell Proliferation Assays
    • Innate Immunity
      • Innate Immunity Resources
      • Complement System Antibodies
        • C4d Antibody
        • Mini-review: Complement System
      • Monocytes, Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
        • Dendritic Cells and Markers
        • Macrophage Cells and Markers
        • Monocytes Cells and Markers
        • Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Antibodies
        • CD36 Antibody
        • CD68 Antibody
          • CD68 Products
          • CD68 Antibody Images
          • CD68 Antibody References
        • F4/80 Antibodies
          • F4/80 Products
          • F4/80 Antibody Images
          • F4/80 Antibody References
          • F4/80 Antibody Protocol
          • Mini-review: F4/80 Antibody
        • CD83 – a dendritic marker with regulatory function
        • CD200 and CD200R – a Ligand Receptor Pair
        • CD205: Relevant in Antigen Presentation, Apoptosis, and Tolerance
        • CD206 – A C-type Lectin Receptor
        • ED Clone Antibodies
        • Mouse Fc Receptor Antibodies
        • B Cells - Function, Activation, Lineage and Markers
        • The Lab Rat Model
      • Pattern Recognition Receptor Antibodies
        • CD209 Antibodies
        • Dectin 1 Antibodies
        • Inflammasome Antibodies
        • TREM 1 Antibodies
      • Toll-like Receptor Antibodies
        • TLR2 and TLR4 Antibodies
        • Mini-review: Toll-like Receptors (TLRs)
      • Granulocytes
        • Basophils
        • Eosinophils
        • Neutrophils
        • Mast Cells
      • Cytokines and Chemokines
      • List of all Innate Immunity Antibodies
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      • Lineage Biomarkers of the Murine Immune System Booklet - Thank you
      • Human Posters, Guides and Online Database
      • Mouse Posters, Guides and Online Database
      • Register Antibody Interest
    • Immunology
      • Immunology Antibodies
      • Immune Regulation Antibodies
        • Co-stimulatory Molecules Antibodies
        • Notch Antibodies and Pathway
        • Antibodies for Studying Th1, Th2, and Th17 Cells
        • Treg Cell Antibodies
      • CD19 - The Marker, the Antibodies
      • CD3 - The Marker, the Antibodies
      • CD45R - The Marker, the Antibodies
      • CD20 Marker Antibodies
      • CD52 Marker Antibodies
      • Iron Transport and the Role of CD71
      • Cytokines, Chemokines & Growth Factors
      • Integrins and Cell Adhesion Molecules
      • T Cells: Function, Receptor, Lineage and Markers
      • Immune Cell Markers - Selection Tool Short Video
      • Major Histocompatibility Complex
      • Find the Right Carrier Free Antibody for Your Experiment
      • What’s Your Favorite Immunology Marker?
      • Immunology Resources
        • Selection Tool: Human Immune Cell Markers
        • Selection Tool: Mouse Immune Cell Markers
        • Mini-review: An Overview of B Cells - from Discovery to Therapy
        • Mini-review: An Overview of T Cell Receptors
        • Mini-review: CD45 Characterization and Isoforms
        • Mini-review: Complement System
        • Mini-review: F4/80 Antibody
        • Mini-review: Immune Checkpoints
        • Mini-review: Immuno-oncology
        • Mini-review: Innate Lymphoid Cells
        • Mini-review: Macrophage Polarization
        • Mini-review: Monocyte Development, Characterization and Role in Disease
        • Mini-review: Mucosal Immunology
        • Mini-review: Natural Killer (NK) Cells
        • Mini-review: NK Cell and Receptor Antibodies
        • Mini-review: The Mucosal Immune Response in Health and Disease
        • Mini-review: The Role of Immune Checkpoints in Immunity and Cancer
        • Mini-review: Toll-like Receptors
        • Mini-review: The T Cell Marker, CD3 Antigen and Antibodies
        • Mini-review: Understanding Immuno-oncology
        • Mini-review: Understanding Innate Lymphoid Cells - A Diverse Immune Population
        • Snapshot: CD4 the Marker the Antibodies
        • Snapshot: CD4+ T Helper Cell Experimental Essentials
      • Immune Cell Phenotype Finder
    • Immuno-oncology
      • Mini-review: Immune Checkpoints
      • Mini-review: Tumor microenvironment
    • Microbiology
      • Protozoan Antibodies
        • Zooflagellated Antibodies
        • Sporozoan Antibodies
          • Cryptosporidium Antibodies
          • Malaria Antibodies
    • Neuroscience
      • C9orf72 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia
      • Development and Repair
      • Neurodegeneration
        • Minireview: Neuroinflammation
        • PGP 9.5 Antibody
      • Frataxin in Friedreich’s Ataxia
      • Neuroendocrinology
        • Endocrinology
      • Neuronal and Glial Markers
      • Neurotransmitters, Receptors, and Transporters
      • Myelin Basic Protein (MBP)
    • Veterinary Research
      • Veterinary Antibodies
      • Domestic Animals
        • Canine
          • Canine CD Marker Antibodies
          • Canine Dual & Triple Specificity Flow Cytometry Kits
          • Canine Cytokine Antibodies and Recombinant Proteins
          • Canine Parvovirus Antibodies
          • Micro-Review: Lymphoma in Dogs
        • Feline
          • Feline CD Marker Antibodies
          • Feline Disease Antibodies
        • Rabbit
          • Rabbit Model for Human Disease Study
          • Rabbit Cell Surface and CD Marker Antibodies
          • Rabbit Antibodies and Recombinant Proteins
          • Rabbit Cytokine Antibodies
          • Rabbit Immunoglobulin Antibodies
          • Antibodies to Miscellaneous Rabbit Antigens
      • Livestock
        • Bovine
          • Bovine CD Marker Antibodies
          • Bovine IFN gamma ELISA
          • Matched Antibody Pairs for Bovine Cytokine ELISA
          • Recombinant Bovine Cytokines
          • Bovine Dendritic Cell Growth Kits
          • Review: Cytokines and Bovine Tuberculosis
          • Review: Bovine Toll like Receptors
          • Article: Immunological Correlates of Protection in Ruminants
          • Bovine Adaptive and Innate Immunity
          • Bovine Immunity: Cytokines – Interleukin-17
          • Bovine Immunity: Cytokines – Interleukin-2
          • Bovine Immunity: Cytokines – Interleukin 6
          • Bovine Immunity: Cytokines – Interleukin 4
        • Caprine
          • Caprine Antibodies
          • Caprine CD Marker Antibodies
          • Caprine Cytokine Antibodies
          • Caprine Immunoglobulins
        • Equine
          • Antibodies Recognizing Equine Cell Surface Antigens
          • Antibodies Recognizing Equine Cytokines
          • Antibodies Recognizing Equine Immunoglobulins
          • Antibodies Recognizing Equine Antigens
        • Porcine
          • Porcine CD Marker Antibodies
          • Porcine Cytokine Antibodies and Proteins
          • Porcine Immunoglobulin Antibodies
          • Porcine Adaptive Immunity
          • Porcine Innate Immunity
        • Ovine
          • Ovine Cell Surface and CD Marker Antibodies
          • Ovine Cytokine Antibodies
          • Ovine Immunoglobulin Antibodies
          • Antibodies to Miscellaneous Ovine Antigens
          • Technical Note: Optimized detection of ovine IL-8/CXCL8
      • Chicken
        • Chicken
          • Chicken CD Marker Antibodies
          • Chicken Cytokine Antibodies and Proteins
          • Article: Chickenology, Importance of Chicken Immunology Research
        • Antibodies against Avian Disease
        • Duck and Quail Antibodies
      • Veterinary Diseases
      • Mouse SeroBlock FcR
      • New Antibodies for Veterinary Research
      • Bovine Interferon Gamma ELISA Kit
      • Feline Antibodies for Diagnostic Flow Cytometry
      • Veterinary Cytokines
      • Biomarker Expression Pattern Posters for Key Veterinary Immune Cells
      • Primates
      • Coronaviruses in Veterinary Species
    • Bio-Rad Antibodies, Kits & Reagents - Full Catalogue
    • 3 for 2 on all primary antibodies
  • Secondary Antibodies and Reagents
    • Secondary Antibodies – Optimize your Detection System
    • Secondary Antibody Protocols and Resources
    • Secondary Antibody Selection Tool
    • Secondary Antibody Binding Locations
    • Secondary Antibodies to CH2 and CH3 Domains
    • Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibodies
    • Multiplexing unconjugated primary antibodies using secondary antibodies
    • Isotype Specific Monoclonal Secondary Antibodies
    • PODCASTS: Fundamentals of Secondary Antibodies
    • Using Secondary Reagents in Flow Cytometry with Confidence
  • Antibodies By Target Species
    • Anti-bacterial Antibodies
    • Anti-Bovine Antibodies
    • Anti-Broad Species Antibodies
    • Anti-Cat Antibodies
    • Anti-Chemical Antibodies
    • Anti-Chicken Antibodies
    • Anti-Dog Antibodies
    • Anti-Drosophilia Antibodies
    • Anti-Duck Antibodies
    • Anti-Fish Antibodies
    • Anti-Fungal Antibodies
    • Anti-Goat Antibodies
    • Anti-Guinea Fowl Antibodies
    • Anti-Guinea Pig Antibodies
    • Anti-Hamster Antibodies
    • Anti-Horse Antibodies
    • Anti-Human Antibodies
    • Anti-Insect Antibodies
    • Anti-Invertebrates Antibodies
    • Anti-Monkey Antibodies
    • Anti-Mouse Antibodies
    • Anti-Plant Antibodies
    • Anti-Pig Antibodies
    • Anti-Protozoan Antibodies
    • Anti-Quail Antibodies
    • Anti-Rabbit Antibodies
    • Anti-Rainbow Trout Antibodies
    • Anti-Rat Antibodies
    • Anti-Rhesus Monkey Antibodies
    • Anti-Sheep Antibodies
    • Anti-Synthetic Peptide Antibodies
    • Anti-Turkey Antibodies
    • Anti-Viral Antibodies
    • Anti-Xenopus Antibodies
    • Anti-Yeast Antibodies
  • Applications
    • ELISA & Immunoassays
      • Antibodies Tested in Immunoassays
      • Matched Antibody Pairs for ELISA
      • Antibodies Tested in Immunoradiometric Assays
      • Antibodies Tested in Radioimmunoassays
      • Controls and Tips for ELISA
      • ELISA Antibodies
      • ELISPOT Antibodies
      • Guide: An Introduction to ELISA
        • Chapter 1 - ELISA Procedure
        • Chapter 2 - Types of ELISA
        • Chapter 3 - ELISA Detection Options
        • Chapter 4 - ELISA Results
        • Chapter 5 - ELISA Controls
        • Chapter 6 - ELISA Components and Considerations
        • Chapter 7 - ELISA Optimization
        • Chapter 8 - Protocols
        • Chapter 9 - ELISA Troubleshooting
        • Chapter 10 - Glossary
      • Proteins for ELISA Experiments
      • Specialized ELISA Buffers & Substrates
      • An Introduction to ELISA - Basics Guide
      • ELISA - The Essentials Pocket Guide
    • Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
    • Functional Assay
    • Flow Cytometry
      • Flow Cytometry Tested Antibodies
      • Flow Cytometry Calibration and Validation reagents
      • Articles
        • Antibody Titration in Flow Cytometry
        • Antigen Density
        • Cell frequencies in common samples
        • Controls in Flow Cytometry
        • Experiments Come Alive with ZE5™ Cell Analyzer
        • Flow Cytometry Data Analysis
        • Flow Cytometry Isotype Controls
        • Identification of Specific Myeloid Subsets Using Common Markers in Flow Cytometry
        • Immune Senescence and Inflammaging
        • Immunophenotyping of B Cells by Flow Cytometry
        • Intracellular Flow Cytometry
        • Supporting reagents for flow cytometry
      • Fluorophores
        • Alexa Fluor
        • DyLight
        • Antibody Conjugation Kits
          • LYNX Rapid Conjugation Kits
          • ReadiLink Antibody Conjugation Kits
          • ReadiLink Conjugation Kits Technical Information
      • Flow Cytometry Basics Guide
        • Chapter 1 - Principles of the Flow Cytometer
          • Fluidics System
          • Optics and Detection
          • Signal and Pulse Processing
          • Electrostatic Cell Sorting
        • Chapter 2 - Principles of Fluorescence
          • Fluorophores and Light
          • Fluorescence
          • Why Use a Fluorescent Marker?
          • Which Fluorochromes are Useful for Flow Cytometry?
          • Fluorescence Compensation
        • Chapter 3 - Data Analysis
          • Gates and Regions
          • Single-Parameter or Univariate Histograms
          • Two-Parameter or Bivariate Histograms
          • Backgating to Confirm Gating Strategies
        • Chapter 4 - Controls in Flow Cytometry
          • Unstained Controls
          • Isotype Controls
          • Single Staining and Compensation Controls
          • Fc Blocking Controls
          • Fluorescence Minus One Controls
          • Intracellular Staining Controls
          • Biological Controls
        • Chapter 5 - Optimizing your Experiments
          • Sample Preparation
          • Autofluorescence
          • Live/dead Exclusion
          • Doublet Discrimination
          • Cell Collection
          • Permeabilization and Fixation
        • Chapter 6 – Basic Rules for Building Multicolor Panels
          • Resolution of Signal
          • Basic Design Rules
          • Antibody Titration
        • Chapter 7 – Uses of Flow Cytometry
          • Immunophenotyping
          • Apoptosis
          • Proliferation and Cell Cycle
          • Signaling and Phosphoflow
          • Small Particle Detection
          • Other Common Uses
          • Innovations in Flow Cytometry
        • Chapter 8 - Common Protocols
          • Sample Preparation Protocol
          • Flow Cytometry Protocols
        • Chapter 9 - Troubleshooting
          • Troubleshooting
          • Recommended Reading
          • Flow Cytometry Guide: Glossary
        • Introduction to Flow Cytometry - Download or request a printed copy
      • Flow Cytometry – Cell Viability and Proliferation
      • Thank You - The form was submitted successfully
      • No Compensation Panels
        • Human No Compensation Panels
        • Murine No Compensation Panels
      • Intracellular Antigens
      • StarBright Fluorophores
        • StarBright Blue700
        • StarBright Violet 440
        • Fluorophores for Flow Cytometry
        • Fluorophores Excited by the Violet (405 nm) Laser
        • Fluorophores Excited by the Blue (488 nm) Laser
        • Fluorophores Excited by the Yellow (561 nm) and Green (542 nm) Lasers
        • Fluorophores Excited by the Red (640 nm) Laser.
      • Resources
        • Introduction to Flow Cytometry – Basics Guide
        • 10 Tips and Tricks for the Design of Multi-Color Flow Panels
        • Flow Cytometry - The Essentials, a Pocket Guide to Flow
        • Flow Cytometry Poster
        • Fluorophore Poster
        • Gain Confidence to Design Flow Cytometry Experiments
        • Webinar: Optimize your Flow Cytometry
      • Multicolor Panel Builder Overview
        • Interactive Tool - Panel Building Made Easy
        • Watch our Multicolor Panel Builder Tutorial
      • Fluorescent Spectraviewer
        • Fluorescent Spectraviewer
        • Fluorescent Spectraviewer Tool Tutorial
    • Immunofluorescence/ICC
      • Immunofluorescence Antibodies
      • Secondary Antibodies Tested in Immunofluorescence
      • 10 Tips for Selecting and Using Fluorophores in IF Experiments
    • Immunohistochemistry
      • Monoclonal Primary Antibodies Tested in IHC-Frozen Sections
      • Polyclonal Primary Antibodies Tested in IHC-Frozen Sections
      • Primary Antibodies Tested in IHC-Paraffin Sections
      • Primary Antibodies Tested in IHC-Resin
      • IHC Controls
      • IHC - Tips and Tricks for your Experiments
        • Immunohistochemistry and Staining of FFPE Tissues
        • 20-Step IHC-Paraffin Protocol Example
        • Tips for Step 4 - Perform Antigen/Epitope Retrieval
        • Tips for Step 6 - Block Enzymes and Biotin
        • Tips for Step 7 - Wash
        • Tips for Step 8 - Block Non-specific Binding Sites
        • Tips for Step 10 - Incubate with Primary Antibody
        • Tips for Steps 12 & 14 - Secondary Antibodies & Amplification Reagents
        • Tips for Step 13 - Wash
        • Tips for Steps 12 & 14 - Secondary Antibodies & Amplification Reagents
        • Tips for Step 16 - Incubate with DAB or Other Substrates
        • Tips for Step 18 - Counterstain
        • Tips for Step 20 - Mount Coverslip
        • References and Trademark Acknowledgements
      • IHC Webinar: Mastering IHC Staining Experiments
      • Secondary Antibodies Tested in IHC
        • Biotinylated Secondary Antibodies
        • HRP-conjugated Secondary Antibodies
    • Immunoprecipitation
      • Immunoprecipitation Tested Antibodies
      • Immunoprecipitation Protocol
      • Antibody Binding Affinities
      • 10 Tips for the Western Blot Detection of IP Samples
      • Webinar: “Complex or not?” Immunoprecipitation (IP) application
      • RNA-DNA hybrid/R-loop Immunoprecipitation (DRIP/DIP)
    • Western Blotting
      • PrecisionAb Validated Western Blotting Antibodies
        • Western Blotting Workflow Products
        • PrecisionAb Validated Antibodies
        • PrecisionAb Western Blot Protocol
        • 2 for 1 on all PrecisionAb antibodies
      • Buffers & Accessories
      • Loading Control Antibodies
      • Secondary Antibodies
      • TidyBlot | Western Blot Detection Reagent
        • Solve 2 Western Blotting Problems with 1 Vial of TidyBlot
        • Discover TidyBlot Reagent’s Antibody Compatibility
        • Western Blot Detection of IP Samples
        • Western Blot Detection of Tissue Lysates
        • TidyBlot: Frequently Asked Questions
        • Claim Your Free TidyBlot WB Detection Reagent
        • Claim Your Free TidyBlot™ WB Detection Reagent
        • Claim Your Free TidyBlot WB Detection Reagent
        • Protocol using TidyBlot Western Blot Detection Reagent
      • Guide: Introduction to Western Blotting
        • Chapter 1: Why Use a Western Blot?
          • Antibody Considerations
        • Chapter 2: Samples, Gels and Blotting
          • Gel Electrophoresis
          • Sample Preparation
          • Blotting
        • Chapter 3: Immunodetection
          • Blocking & Antibody Incubation
          • Indirect vs. Direct Detection
          • Detection with Substrate
          • Test Blots, Slot Blots, and Dot Blots
        • Chapter 4: Data Analysis
          • Western Blot Example: Detecting or Characterizing Protein Expression
          • Western Blot Example: Demonstrating Antibody Specificity
          • Alternate Forms of a Protein – Prion Disease
        • Chapter 5: Western Blot Buffers
          • Western Blot Protocol: Cell Lysis, Mammalian Cells
          • Western Blot Protocol: Gel Electrophoresis & Protein Transfer by Electroblotting
          • Western Blot Protocol: Immunodetection Direct and Indirect
        • Chapter 6: Western Blotting Troubleshooting
          • Western Blotting
          • Western Blot: No Bands
          • Western Blot: Faint Bands or Weak Signal
          • Western Blot: High Background Signal on the Blot
          • Western Blot: Patchy or Uneven Spots on the Blot
      • Western Blot Protocol
      • Detection of Phosphorylated Proteins by Western Blotting
      • Western Blotting and Immunoblotting Products
      • Western Blot Detection of IP Samples
      • Best Practice for Western Blot Detection of Phosphorylation Events
      • Western Blot Detection of Tissue Lysates
      • Detecting and Quantifying Low Abundant Proteins by Western Blot
      • Multiplex Fluorescent Western Blotting
      • Principles of Metal Chelate Chromatography
    • Antibody Application Resources
    • Antibody Application Protocols
    • Application Webinars
    • Recommended Protocols
  • Browse by Product Type
    • Antigens
    • Antibody Manufacturing Tools
      • LYNX Rapid Conjugation Kits®
        • What are LYNX Rapid Conjugation Kits
      • Rodent Isotyping Kit
        • Technical Advice: Rodent Isotyping Kit
      • Mycoplasma Removal Agent
        • Mycoplasma Removal Agent (MRA) Protocol
      • Proteus Antibody and Protein Purification Kits
        • Ordering Information
        • Kit Contents
        • Instructions of Use
        • Proteus Purification Kit FAQ
        • Proteus Endotoxin Removal Kits
        • Proteus Benefits
        • Proteus IMAC guide troubleshooting
        • Proteus IMAC guide references
        • Proteus IMAC Guide
        • Step by Step Protocol for Mini Spin Columns
    • Primary Antibodies
    • Secondary Antibodies
      • Antibodies to Bovine Immunoglobulins
      • Antibodies to Cat/Feline Immunoglobulins
      • Antibodies to Chicken Immunoglobulins
      • Antibodies to Dog/Canine Immunoglobulins
      • Antibodies to Hamster Immunoglobulins/Secondary Antibodies for use with Hamster Antibodies
      • Antibodies to Horse/Equine Immunoglobulins
      • Anti-Human Antibodies
      • Antibodies to Goat/Caprine Immunoglobulins/Secondary Antibodies for use with Goat Antibodies
      • Secondary Antibodies for use with Guinea Pig Antibodies
      • Antibodies to Monkey/Simian Immunoglobulins
      • Anti-Mouse Antibodies
      • Antibodies to Pig/Porcine Immunoglobulins
      • Antibodies to Rabbit Immunoglobulins
      • Anti-Rat Antibodies
      • Anti-Rhesus Monkey
      • Secondary Antibodies for use with Sheep Antibodies
    • Reagents
      • Application Buffers, Reagents & Sera
        • Leucoperm™
        • Blocking Buffers for ELISA and Western Blotting
        • alamarBlue - Cell Proliferation Assay
        • Mycoplasma Removal Agent
    • Antibody Panels and Cocktails
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  • Why buy from us?
• Monoclonal Generation
  • Custom Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody Generation
    • HuCAL® Monoclonals
    • HuCAL Technology Explained
    • HuCAL® Antibody Generation Process
      • Antigens and antigen expression services
      • Guided Selection Strategies
        • Anti-idiotypic antibody generation
        • Sandwich ELISA antibody pair selection
      • Affinity maturation
      • Selection of antibodies based on binding strength
      • Fab antibody formats and epitope tags
      • Conversion of Fab to full immunoglobulin format
      • Fab Antibody Production
      • Screening and Pair Selection using the Bio-Plex® System
      • Flow cytometry antibody screening
    • Custom Service Packages, Pricing and Ordering
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    • HuCAL® Articles
      • Article: Isolation of Enzyme Active Site-Specific Recombinant Antibodies by Guided Selection
      • Article: An Accelerated Approach to Sensitive ADA Assays
      • Article: Biomarker assay development using HuCAL® antibodies
      • Article: Effective Tools for Drug monitoring Assays
        • PDF Version
      • Article: Monitoring Antibody Immune Responses against Biotherapeutic Drugs
        • PDF Version
      • Article: Recombinant Antibodies as Standards for Immunodiagnostic Assays
      • Article: Anti-peptide antibodies for Immuno-MRM assays
      • Poster: Recombinant Anti-idiotypic Antibodies for Drug Development
      • Poster: Generation of Recombinant Antibodies for Bio-Plex Assays
      • Poster: Characterization of Anti-idiotypic Antibodies for High Performance in Bioanalytical Assays
      • Improve Assays for Antibody Drug Development
      • Request a HuCAL® MSDS
    • Application Resources and Technical Support
      • HuCAL Antibodies Technical Manual
      • References
    • Webinars, Videos and Technical Articles
      • Webinar: Improve your antibody drug development assays
      • Webinar: Optimize your assays using recombinant antibodies selected for desired affinity
      • Webinar: The making of recombinant anti-idiotypic antibodies for high performance in bioanalytical assays
      • Webinar: Human recombinant antibodies as positive controls and calibrators
      • Webinar: How to overcome assay challenges using custom recombinant antibodies
      • Webinar: Generation of high affinity recombinant antibodies for application in immuno-MRM
      • Video: Generating anti-idiotypic antibodies for bioanalytical assays
      • Video: Best practices for characterization and QC of anti-idiotypic antibodies for bioanalysis
      • Video: Generation of drug-target complex specific antibodies
      • Video: Antibodies for CAR-T cell therapy development
      • Article: Monitoring antibody immune responses against biotherapeutic drugs
      • Article: Effective tools for drug monitoring assays
      • Article: An accelerated approach to sensitive ADA assays
      • Article: Isolation of enzyme active site-specific recombinant antibodies by guided selection
      • Article: Biomarker Assay Development using Highly Specific Recombinant Antibodies
      • Article: Recombinant antibodies as standards for immunodiagnostic assays
      • Article: High affinity antibodies for peptide enrichment immuno-MRM
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