Articles, Educational Summaries, Mini-Reviews, and Application Notes

Technical Notes

Veterinary Immunophenotyping

• 10-Color Canine Immunophenotyping Panel Featuring StarBright™ Dye–Conjugated Antibodies.A technical note describing the design and application of an immunophenotyping panel used to identify T cells, B cells, NK cells, monocytes, and granulocytes in canine peripheral blood.
• 11-Color Immunophenotyping Panel Using StarBright™ Dye-Conjugated Antibodies to Identify Major Bovine Blood Cell PopulationsA technical note describing an immunophenotyping panel developed to identify major bovine blood cell populations, such as T-cell subsets, B cells, NK cells, and monocytes.
• Highly Resolved Ten-Color Porcine Immunophenotyping Panel Incorporating StarBright™ Dye-Conjugated AntibodiesA technical note describing a 10-color porcine panel enabling the identification of T cells, B cells, NK cell, monocytes and granulocytes in one panel.

Human Immunophenotyping

• Validated Method to Measure Multiple Parameters in Stimulated Human Peripheral BloodA technical note describing a validated experimental method to simultaneously measure cell proliferation, viability, activation status, and immunophenotype using CytoTrack Kits, VivaFix Assays, and antibodies conjugated to StarBright Dyes.
• A 43-Color Human Immunophenotyping Panel Incorporating StarBright™ Dye–Conjugated AntibodiesA technical note describing the design, protocol, and results from a large multiplexing panel containing StarBright™ Dye and traditional conjugated antibodies acquired on a Cytek Aurora spectral cytometer.
• High-Resolution Human Immunophenotyping Panel Incorporating StarBright™ Dye–Conjugated Antibodies on the ZE5 Cell AnalyzerA technical note describing a 27-color panel acquired on the ZE5 Cell Analyzer. Including information on panel design and gating strategy.
• A Study Comparing the Benefits of Using StarBright Ultraviolet, Violet, and Blue Dye–Conjugated Antibodies to Commonly Used Fluorophores for Human ImmunophenotypingA technical note describing the benefits of including StarBright™ Dye-conjugated antibodies in a human immunophenotyping panel. Including technical details and information on panel design.

Tips and Tricks

• Stable Premixed Cocktails to Increase Reproducibility and Save Time in Longitudinal Flow Cytometry AssaysA technical note describing the 12-month stability of StarBrightTM Dye and traditional conjugated antibodies in a premixed cocktail.
• Compensation Beads and How to Use Them with StarBright DyesA technical note showing the compatibility of StarBright Dye conjugated antibodies with common compensation beads. Including examples of multiplexing panels with spillover and spreading matrices.

Educational Summaries

Antibody Characteristics

• Immunoglobulins: classes and subclassesOverview of the five antibody immunoglobulin classes (isotypes).
• Affinity and avidity of antibodiesAntigen-antibody interactions, strength measured by affinity and avidity.
• Binding affinities chartA handy binding affinities chart to help determine your antibody purification method.

Innate Immunity

• Innate immunity: TLR2 and TLR4Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) structure and expression.
• CD209 (DC-Sign) – an immunomodulating pattern recognition receptorCD209 (DC-SIGN) structure and function.
• Dectin-1: Defense against fungal pathogensDectin-1 structure and function.
• TREM-1 & TREM-2: Enhancing the innate immune responseTREM-1 and TREM-2 protein expression and function in innate immunity and the inflammatory response.

Infectious Diseases

• What is Ebola?Article giving an overview of the Ebola virus, recent outbreaks and Ebola research for future outbreak prevention.

Mini-Reviews

Cell Biology

• Immune aging and senescenceMini-review on inflammaging and immune senescence.
• PyroptosisMini-review on pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of regulated cell death.
• Understanding the eukaryotic cell cycle - a biological and experimental overviewLearn about eukaryotic cell cycle progression and regulation, cell proliferation assessments, and key cell proliferation biomarkers.
• CD45 characterization and isoformsMini-review on the various isoforms of CD45 including their structure and function.

Innate Immunity

• Complement systemMini-review on the complement system, each of its pathways and complement components involved. Includes a summary on C4d, a known marker of allograft rejection.
• F4/80 antibodyMini-review on rat anti-mouse F4/80 antibody (CI:A3-1), providing a technical overview about F4/80 antigen and antibody.
• Macrophage polarizationMini-review on human and mouse macrophage polarization, and an introduction into macrophage classification and function, including macrophage involvement in cancer.
• Monocyte development, characterization and role in diseaseThis mini-review characterizes monocytes, providing an overview of their lineage, the classification of the various subsets of monocytes, their function and the role they play in diseases.
• Neuroinflammation and Toll-like receptorsMini-review discussing the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in neuroinflammation, explaining the TLR pathway, and the role of TLRs in brain cells.
• NK cellsMini-review about the natural killer (NK) cell family functions, receptors and cell development in mouse and human.
• Toll-like receptors (TLRs)Mini-review about Toll-like receptors, detailing their role in innate immunity including their expression patterns.
• Understanding innate lymphoid cells - a diverse immune populationMini-review on Innate lymphoid cells covering ILC development, characterization, function and role in disease and immunotherapy.

Adaptive Immunity

• An overview of B cells - from discovery to therapyMini-review on B cell history, development and activation as well as B cells as therapeutic targets.
• CD3 antibodyOverview of the T cell marker CD3, including genes, function and clinical applications for the CD3 protein complex.
• T cell receptor activation, signaling, development and diversity.Discover the role played by T cell receptors (TCR) in cell-mediated immune defence.
• CD4+ T helper cellThis guide provides a snapshot of key information for the design and study of eight T helper subsets.

Immune Response in Disease

• The mucosal immune response in health and diseaseThe structure and regulation of mucosal homeostasis and how this relates to disease and potential immunotherapy.
• Understanding immuno-oncology - the interplay between the immune system and cancerDiscover the mechanisms behind immunosurveillance, immunosuppression and cancer immunotherapy.
• The role of immune checkpoints in cancer and immunityFunction and mechanism of immune checkpoints in immune regulation and cancer immunotherapy.
• Antibody conjugation kitsDiscover how the use of antibody conjugation kits helps overcome limitations in antibody formats to enhance immunoassay design in veterinary and translational research.

Application Notes

Veterinary Research

• Cytokines and bovine tuberculosisMethods for cattle TB testing, including the use of cytokines as markers of immune protection.
• Harnessing and directing the bovine innate immune system: The importance of TLRsThe importance and expression of the toll like receptor (TLR) family in the bovine innate immune system.
• Identification of the immunological correlates of protection in ruminantsSummary of an Industrial Partnership Award (IPA) project funded by the BBSRC in conjunction with Bio-Rad.
• Importance of chicken immunology research and studying host-pathogen interactionsArticle describing the importance of researching chicken immune responses.

Recombinant Antibodies

• An accelerated approach to sensitive ADA assaysA faster route to selection of high-affinity recombinant antibodies, allowing development of sensitive assays for the monitoring of drug antibodies.
• Effective tools for drug monitoring assaysArticle describing how scientists validate recombinant monoclonal antibodies for PK and IR assays.
• Monitoring antibody immune responses against biotherapeutic drugsArticle describing the challenges in antibody assay development and the special considerations required for monoclonal antibody drugs.
• Recombinant antibodies as standards for immunodiagnostic assaysA method for development of standardization material for autoimmune assays measuring human autoantibodies.
• High-affinity antibodies for peptide enrichment immuno-MRMA study showing how recombinant antibodies against short peptides are generated for MS-based assays.
• Biomarker assay development using highly specific recombinant antibodiesDevelopment of an assay to discriminate between native and truncated CXCL10 chemokine using custom HuCAL® antibodies.
• Isolation of enzyme active site-specific recombinant antibodiesGeneration of antibodies to enzyme active site enabling inhibition experiments and structural studies.
• Generation of antibodies against self-antigens using HuCAL technologyHuCAL technology used to design an inhibitory chimeric antibody specific to MASP-2 for proof of concept drug discovery applications.