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Isotype controls are a type of negative control designed to measure the level of non-specific background signal caused by primary antibodies, based upon the tissue type of the sample. Usually, the background signal is the result of immunoglobulins binding non-specifically to Fc receptors present on the cell surface. For example, antibodies raised in mice, particularly those of the IgG2a isotype, will bind strongly to some human leukocytes regardless of the test antibody specificity. In this case you would need a mouse IgG2a isotype control for use with human cells or tissues.
Isotype controls are most commonly used in flow cytometry experiments, but may also be used in immunohistochemistry.
Typically, an isotype control is matched to the host species and isotype of your specific primary antibody. Sometimes, it is an antibody that has been raised against an antigen that is not normally expressed in the target tissue, e.g. DNP, but this is not always the case.
When using directly labeled primary antibodies, it is also necessary to make sure that the isotype control is conjugated to the same fluorochrome or label as the test antibody. It is not sufficient to use one with a spectrally similar fluorochrome. Bio-Rad offers isotype control cocktails for commonly used dual and tri-color staining combinations.
Recommended isotype controls are usually found at the bottom of Bio-Rad product datasheets. In addition, we have added a table below, which you can use to filter our products by various attributes.
Description | Specificity | Target | Format | Host | Isotype | Clone | Applications | Citations | Product Type | Code | Validation Types |
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Can’t find what you’re looking for? Bio-Rad offers custom antibody services including monoclonal and polyclonal antibody generation, antibody production and modification services. Just complete the short inquiry form and one of our specialists will contact you to discuss your research needs.
For assistance with your experiments, visit our resources section for detailed protocols, tips, guides and educational articles. For more information or assistance with choosing an appropriate isotype control, please contact our technical support specialists.