CD31 antibody | WM59
Mouse anti Human CD31 antibody, clone WM59 (MCA1738) used for the detection of CD31 positive cells by flow cytometry.
Image caption:
Brain-derived cell lines express markers for mesenchymal stem cells and pericytes but not for glial or neuronal precursors. (A) Representative histogram of flow cytometry analysis of cortical line and (B) ventricular zone line. Progenitors from all donors and both regions highly express MSC (CD90, CD73, CD105, CD29, CD166 and CD49d) and pericyte markers (CD140b/PDGFR-β, RGS5, CD146, Nestin, α-SMA and NG2). They do not express hematopoietic (CD45), endothelial (CD31, CD34), microglial (CD14, CD11), glial or neuronal precursor cell markers (GFAP, O4) or myofibroblast markers (CD56), (green = isotype, red = respective marker).
From: Paul G, Özen I, Christophersen NS, Reinbothe T, Bengzon J, et al. (2012)
The Adult Human Brain Harbors Multipotent Perivascular Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
PLoS ONE 7(4): e35577.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Human CD31 antibody, clone WM59 (MCA1738) used for the detection of CD31 positive cells by flow cytometry.
Image caption:
Characterisation of clonal perivascular MSC progenitor lines. (A) Single cell in vitro a few hours after plating, and culture at 7 and 21 days, respectively. Scale bar 50 μm. (B) Clonally derived MSC show the same antigen profile as detected for polyclonal lines with pericyte and MSC markers but neither neuronal nor glial precursor cell markers (O4, GFAP) (example here cortical clone; green = isotype, red = respective marker).(C) QPCR comparing clones derived from the ventricular zone (n = 2), and the cortex (n = 2) to a human neuronal progenitor cell line MesC2.10. Data show the relative higher expression of mRNA for RGS5, PDGFR-β and α-SMA in the MSC clones compared to the control. As expected, Nestin mRNA was present in perivascular MSC clones and neural progenitors at comparable amounts. NG2 mRNA was slightly higher expressed in the MSC clones compared to the control. (D) Importantly, neural progenitors markers such as CD133, SOX1, NGN2, PAX6 and Musashi were highly expressed in the positive control but not detectable in MSC clones.
From: Paul G, Özen I, Christophersen NS, Reinbothe T, Bengzon J, et al. (2012)
The Adult Human Brain Harbors Multipotent Perivascular Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
PLoS ONE 7(4): e35577.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Human CD31 monoclonal antibody, clone WM59 (MCA1738) used for the detection of CD31 expressing lung endothelium by immunofluorescence
Image caption:
Figure 7. Apigenin reduces LPS-induced apoptosis in the lungs. Lungs from mice treated with LPS, control, apigenin (Api) or apigenin 3 h prior to LPS (Api + LPS) were obtained at 24 h. (A) The number of apoptotic cells was determined by the TUNEL assay and expressed as the mean ± SEM of the numbers of stained cells per 1000× microscopic field (cpf) (N = 4 mice for each biological condition; * p < 0.01 vs. LPS), scale bars: 25 μm for all figures; (B,C) Caspase-3 activity was determined by the DEVD-AFC assay using lung lysates as described in materials and methods. Values represent the means ± SEM (N = 4 mice for each biological condition; * p < 0.05 vs. LPS); (D) Lung tissue immuno-histochemistry using antibodies specific for active caspase-3 in combination with anti-CD31, anti-cytokeratin or anti-7/4 antibodies specific for endothelia, epithelia and neutrophils, respectively. Scale bars, 100 μm.
From: Cardenas, H.; Arango, D.; Nicholas, C.; Duarte, S.; Nuovo, G.J.; He, W.; Voss, O.H.; Gonzalez-Mejia, M.E.; Guttridge, D.C.; Grotewold, E.; Doseff, A.I.
Dietary Apigenin Exerts Immune-Regulatory Activity in Vivo by Reducing NF-κB Activity, Halting Leukocyte Infiltration and Restoring Normal Metabolic Function.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 323.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Human CD31 monoclonal antibody, clone WM59 (MCA17738) used for the detection of CD31 expressing cells in cardiovacular procegitor cell cultures by immunofluorescence.
Image caption:
In vitro differentiation of ISL1+ CVP clones into cardiomyocytes, as well as endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Undifferentiated ISL1+ CVP clones were maintained in medium supplemented with EDN1 and WNT3A. Differentiation of the CVPs into various cardiac lineages was achieved using protocols described under material and method. (a) Immunocytochemistry demonstrating the presence of endothelial cell (EC; CD31+), smooth muscle cell (SM; SMMHC+) and cardiomyocyte (CM; CTNT+) on differentiation with various differentiation media. EC was stained with mouse anti-CD31 primary antibody while SM and CM were stained with mouse anti-SMMHC and mouse anti-CTNT, respectively, at 1:100 dilutions. Cell nuclei (blue) were stained with 4,6-diamindino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Scale bar, 100 μm. (b) Graphical representation illustrating differentiation efficiencies of ISL1+ CVP into various cardiac lineages. Flow cytometric analyses for EC (CD31+), SM (SMMHC+) and CM (CTNT+) differentiation were performed on two progenitor clones (clones 1 and 2). Bars, s.d. of n=3 experiments. *P<0.05 and **P<0.001, evaluated by Student's t-test. (c–e) Quantitative PCR confirming the expression of CD31 and VWF (EC markers); SM22 and SMMHC (SM markers); and NKX2.5, GATA4, MEF2C, TBX5, CX43 and TNNT2 (CM markers) when ISL1+ CVP clones were differentiated into the various cardiac lineages. Gene expressions were normalized to the respective undifferentiated ISL1+ CVP clones. n=3 experiments. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01, evaluated by Student's t-test.
From: Soh BS, Ng SY, Wu H, Buac K, Park JH, Lian X, Xu J, Foo KS, Felldin U, He X, Nichane M, Yang H, Bu L, Li RA, Lim B, Chien KR.
Endothelin-1 supports clonal derivation and expansion of cardiovascular progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells.
Nat Commun. 2016 Mar 8;7:10774.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Human CD31 monoclonal antibody, clone WM59 (MCA1738) used for the detection of CD31 expressing cells in cardiovacular procegitor cell cultures by immunofluorescence.
Image caption:
ISL1+ CVP differentiates and forms human–mouse chimeric circulatory system in vivo. (a) Xenografts stained positive for GFP present in kidney capsule and adult mouse heart after myocardial infarction (MI), demonstrating the engraftment of ISL1+ CVP-derived cells 3 weeks post transplantation. Cell nuclei (blue) were stained with 4,6-diamindino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Scale bar, 100 μm. (b) Representative images of xenograft showing engraftment of ISL1+ CVP-derived differentiated cells in the kidney capsule and myocardium. Vasculature network could be seen from the surface of the xenograft (kidney capsule), with numerous blood vessels carrying red blood cells (RBCs) as shown in the haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson stains (indicated with black arrows). Site of MI is marked by red arrow (lower panel). Connective tissues revealed by Masson stain (stained blue) were observed throughout the xenograft. Enlarged images show functional blood vessels carrying blood cells. RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle. Scale bar, 100 μm. (c) Representative immunofluorescent image of muscularized blood vessels in xenografts (both kidney capsule and myocardium). Rings of endothelial cells were stained positive for CD31 (stained red). The arteries were surrounded by additional ring of smooth muscle cells that were stained positive for α-SMA. Cell nuclei (blue) were stained with DAPI. Scale bar, 50 μm. (d) Graphical representation of the numbers and sizes of blood vessels observed in the xenograft per field (transplantation into myocardium after MI). Results were tabulated from 10 random fields of H&E stains of the xenografts. Bars, s.d. of n=3 sections. D, diameter. *P<0.05 and **P<0.001, evaluated by Student's t-test. (e) Large coronary-like artery developed from the transplanted ISL1+ CVP in the kidney capsule. Immunofluorescent staining of the section revealed an inner layer of endothelial cells (stained positive for CD31), which is surrounded by a thick layer of smooth muscle cells that were stained positive for both SMMHC and α-SMA. Connective tissue surrounding the artery was further depicted by the presence of fibrillin-1 (FBN1) as well as Masson stain (blue). Cell nuclei (blue) were stained with DAPI. Scale bar, 100 μm. Scale bar in enlarged image, 50 &mum.
From: Soh BS, Ng SY, Wu H, Buac K, Park JH, Lian X, Xu J, Foo KS, Felldin U, He X, Nichane M, Yang H, Bu L, Li RA, Lim B, Chien KR.
Endothelin-1 supports clonal derivation and expansion of cardiovascular progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells.
Nat Commun. 2016 Mar 8;7:10774.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Human CD31 monoclonal antibody, clone WM59 (MCA1738) used to label differentiating hfC-MSC's in vitro by immunofluorescence.
Image caption:
Differentiation of hfC-MSCs into cardiovascular cells.
Representative immunocytochemistry images (40X, 20μm) showing differentiation of human fetal cardiac stem cells (hfC-MSCs) into Endothelial cells (D: CD31); Data shown are from three independent experiments at passage 3–5. Control cells: left. Differentiated cells: right.
From: Citation: Garikipati VNS, Singh SP, Mohanram Y, Gupta AK, Kapoor D, Nityanand S (2018)
Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human fetus heart.
PLoS ONE 13(2): e0192244.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192244
This image is from an open access article distributed under terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Alexa Fluor® 647 conjugated Mouse anti Human CD31 monoclonal antibody, clone WM59 (MCA1738A647) used to label rare cells in liquid biopsies by immunfluorescence.
Image caption:
Circulating rare cells identified in the peripheral blood from SCLC patient samples using HDSCA3.0 with the Landscape assay. (A) Representative cell images of each cell group. Each row shows a composite image plus each of the four channels separately; DAPI in blue, CK in red, Vim in white, (CD45/CD31) in green.
From: Seo J, Kumar M, Mason J, Blackhall F, Matsumoto N, Dive C, Hicks J, Kuhn P, Shishido SN.
Plasticity of circulating tumor cells in small cell lung cancer.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jul 21;13(1):11775.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38881-5.
This image is from an open access article distributed under terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Alexa Fluor® 647 conjugated Mouse anti Human CD31 monoclonal antibody, clone WM59 (MCA1738A647) used to label rare cells in liquid biopsies by immunfluorescence.
Image caption:
Detected cells from UM-001 using the EpCAM assay. (A) Representative cell images of each cell group. Each row shows a composite image plus each of the four channels separately: DAPI in blue, CK in red, CD45 in green, and EpCAM in white. (B) The number of total rare cells per mL is provided. Each rare cell group is annotated with four different colors which are shown in the bottom right of the figure.
From: Seo J, Kumar M, Mason J, Blackhall F, Matsumoto N, Dive C, Hicks J, Kuhn P, Shishido SN.
Plasticity of circulating tumor cells in small cell lung cancer.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jul 21;13(1):11775.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38881-5.
This image is from an open access article distributed under terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Alexa Fluor 647 conjugated Mouse anti Human CD31 antibody, clone WM59 (MCA1738A647) used to label cells in liquid biopsies from PDAC patients.
Image caption:
Representative gallery of rare events detected in samples collected from patients diagnosed with PDAC.
For each rare event the composite image is provided followed by the individual biomarker fluorescent channels which are indicated by the headers. a Epi.CTC; b Mes.CTC (top: single cell; middle: cluster of 2; bottom: cluster of 4); c DAPI|CK|Vim|CD45/CD31; d DAPI|CK|CD45/CD31; e DAPI|Vim|CD45/CD31 (top: single cell; bottom: cluster); f DAPI|Vim; g DAPI|CK|CD45/CD31; h DAPI-only; I CK oncosome; j CK|Vim oncosome; k CK|CD45/CD31 oncosomes; l CK|Vim|CD45/CD31 oncosome (top: distal, bottom: proximal). Blue: DAPI, Red: CK, White: Vim, Green: CD45/CD31. Images taken at 100X magnification. Scale bar = 10 μm.
From: Shishido SN, Lin E, Nissen N, Courcoubetis G, Suresh D, Mason J, Osipov A, Hendifar AE, Lewis M, Gaddam S, Pandol S, Kuhn P, Lo SK.
Cancer-related cells and oncosomes in the liquid biopsy of pancreatic cancer patients undergoing surgery.
NPJ Precis Oncol. 2024 Feb 15;8(1):36.
doi: 10.1038/s41698-024-00521-0.
This image is from an open access article distributed under terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Alexa Fluor 647 conjugated Mouse anti Human CD31 monoclonal antibody, clone WM59 (MCA1738A647) used to detect CD31 positive events in liquid biopsy evaluation by immunofluorescence.
Image caption:
Representative images of rare events detected in the NSCLC patient blood samples. Images taken at 100x magnification. (a–h) Rare cells and (i–l) oncosomes. DAPI: blue, cytokeratin (CK): red, Vim: white, CD45/CD31: green (a): Epithelial like CTCs (Epi.CTCs), (b): CK|CD45/CD31 cell, (c): CK|Vim|CD45/CD31 cell, (d): Vim|CD45/CD31 cell, (e): Vim only cell, (f): CD45/CD31 cell, (g): DAPI only cell, (h): Mesenchymal like CTCs (Mes.CTCs), (i): Onc proximal to cell, (j): Onc alone
From: Bai L, Courcoubetis G, Mason J, Hicks JB, Nieva J, Kuhn P, Shishido SN.
Longitudinal tracking of circulating rare events in the liquid biopsy of stage III-IV non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Discov Oncol. 2024 May 3;15(1):142.
doi: 10.1007/s12672-024-00984-4.
This image is from an open access article distributed under terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Human CD31
- Product Type
- Monoclonal Antibody
- Clone
- WM59
- Isotype
- IgG1
- Specificity
- CD31
Antibody Quality and Performance Guarantee
| Mouse anti Human CD31 monoclonal antibody, clone WM59 recognizes the human CD31 antigen, a ~130 kDa single pass type I transmembrane glycoprotein bearing six C2 immunoglobulin domains. CD31 is expressed by all continuous endothelia including arteries, veins and non-sinusoidal capillaries, platelets,granulocytes and some lymphocytes. CD31 is not expressed by discontinuous endothelia such as hepatic sinusoids and splenic red pulp (Muller et al. 1989).CD31 is also known as PECAM-1. The binding epitope for mouse anti human CD31, clone WM59 has been mapped to the Ig-like domain 2 (Fawcett et al. 1995). |
- Target Species
- Human
- Species Cross-Reactivity
-
Target Species Cross Reactivity Cynomolgus monkey Rhesus Monkey - N.B. Antibody reactivity and working conditions may vary between species.
- Product Form
- Purified IgG - liquid
- Preparation
- MCA1738T: Purified IgG prepared by affinity chromatography on Protein G from tissue culture supernatant
- MCA1738: Purified IgG prepared by affinity chromatography on Protein A from tissue culture supernatant
- Buffer Solution
- Phosphate buffered saline
- Preservative Stabilisers
- 0.09% sodium azide (NaN3)
- Carrier Free
- Yes
- Approx. Protein Concentrations
- IgG concentration 1.0mg/ml
- Regulatory
- For research purposes only
- Guarantee
- 12 months from date of despatch
This product is shipped at ambient temperature. It is recommended to aliquot and store at -20°C on receipt. When thawed, aliquot the sample as needed. Keep aliquots at 2-8°C for short term use (up to 4 weeks) and store the remaining aliquots at -20°C.
Avoid repeated freezing and thawing as this may denature the antibody. Storage in frost-free freezers is not recommended.
Avoid repeated freezing and thawing as this may denature the antibody. Storage in frost-free freezers is not recommended.
This product has been reported to work in the following applications. This information is derived from testing within our laboratories, peer-reviewed publications or personal communications from the originators. Please refer to references indicated for further information. For general protocol recommendations, please visit the antibody protocols page.
| Application Name | Verified | Min Dilution | Max Dilution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flow Cytometry |  |
1/50 | 1/100 |
| Immunofluorescence | |
||
| Immunoprecipitation | |
Where this product has not been tested for use in a particular technique this does not necessarily exclude its use in such procedures. Suggested working dilutions are given as a guide only. It is recommended that the user titrates the product for use in their own system using appropriate negative/positive controls.
- Flow Cytometry
- Use 10μl of the suggested working dilution to label 106 cells in 100μl
| Description | Product Code | Applications | Pack Size | List Price | Your Price | Quantity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mouse IgG1 Negative Control | MCA928 | F | 100 Tests |
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| List Price | Your Price | ||||||
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| Description | Mouse IgG1 Negative Control | ||||||
References for CD31 antibody
-
Paul, G. et al. (2012) The adult human brain harbors multipotent perivascular mesenchymal stem cells.
PLoS One. 7: e35577. -
Urquhart, P. et al. (2007) Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules modulate leukocyte-endothelial interactions under flow.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 321 (2): 656-62. -
Reedquist, K.A. et al. (2000) The small GTPase, Rap1, mediates CD31-induced integrin adhesion.
J Cell Biol. 148: 1151-8. -
Vernon-Wilson, E.F. et al. (2007) CD31 delays phagocyte membrane repolarization to promote efficient binding of apoptotic cells.
J Leukoc Biol. 82: 1278-88. -
Hilbe W et al. (2003) Immunohistochemical typing of non-small cell lung cancer on cryostat sections: correlation with clinical parameters and prognosis.
J Clin Pathol. 56 (10): 736-41. -
Stein, A. et al. (2010) Local erythropoietin and endothelial progenitor cells improve regional cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. Sep; 10:43. -
Woollard, K.J. et al. (2002) Direct modulatory effect of C-reactive protein on primary human monocyte adhesion to human endothelial cells.
Clin Exp Immunol. 130: 256-62. -
Theberge, A.B. et al. (2015) Microfluidic multiculture assay to analyze biomolecular signaling in angiogenesis.
Anal Chem. 87 (6): 3239-46.
View The Latest Product References
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Hilbe W et al. (2004) CD133 positive endothelial progenitor cells contribute to the tumour vasculature in non-small cell lung cancer.
J Clin Pathol. 57 (9): 965-9. -
Palakkan, A.A. et al. (2015) Polarisation and functional characterisation of hepatocytes derived from human embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells.
Biomed Rep. 3 (5): 626-636. -
Newey SE et al. (2014) The hematopoietic chemokine CXCL12 promotes integration of human endothelial colony forming cell-derived cells into immature vessel networks.
Stem Cells Dev. 23 (22): 2730-43. -
Fabre-Mersseman V et al. (2011) CD4⁺ recent thymic emigrants are infected by HIV in vivo, implication for pathogenesis.
AIDS. 25 (9): 1153-62. -
Patten PE et al. (2008) CD38 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is regulated by the tumor microenvironment.
Blood. 111 (10): 5173-81. -
Katz SC et al. (2004) Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are insufficient to activate T cells.
J Immunol. 173 (1): 230-5. -
Pfisterer K et al. (2015) CD90(+) human dermal stromal cells are potent inducers of FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells.
J Invest Dermatol. 135 (1): 130-41. -
Hale, S.J. et al. (2015) CXCR2 modulates bone marrow vascular repair and haematopoietic recovery post-transplant.
Br J Haematol. 169 (4): 552-64. -
Muthana, M. et al. (2015) Directing cell therapy to anatomic target sites in vivo with magnetic resonance targeting.
Nat Commun. 6: 8009. -
Schuster, C. et al. (2015) Development of Blood and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in Embryonic and Fetal Human Skin.
Am J Pathol. 185 (9): 2563-74. -
Somers, E. et al. (2016) Vascular Defects and Spinal Cord Hypoxia in Spinal Muscular Atrophy.
Ann Neurol. 79 (2): 217-30. -
Soh, B.S. et al. (2016) Endothelin-1 supports clonal derivation and expansion of cardiovascular progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells.
Nat Commun. 7: 10774. -
GarikipatiV, N.S. et al. (2018) Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human fetus heart.
PLoS One. 13 (2): e0192244. -
Duque, J.C. et al. (2019) Vascularization of the arteriovenous fistula wall and association with maturation outcomes.
J Vasc Access. : 1129729819863584. [Epub ahead of print] -
Kim, J.S. et al. (2021) Randomization to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Endothelial Function in COPD: The COD-Fish Randomized Controlled Trial.
Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 8(1): 41-53. -
Bye, A.P. et al. (2018) Immobilization of Nonactivated Unfixed Platelets for Real-Time Single-Cell Analysis.
Methods Mol Biol. 1812: 1-11. -
Chai, S. et al. (2022) Identification of epithelial and mesenchymal circulating tumor cells in clonal lineage of an aggressive prostate cancer case.
NPJ Precis Oncol. 6 (1): 41. -
Bettin, L. et al. (2023) Co-stimulation by TLR7/8 ligand R848 modulates IFN-γ production of porcine γδ T cells in a microenvironment-dependent manner.
Dev Comp Immunol. 138: 104543. -
Seo, J. et al. (2023) Plasticity of circulating tumor cells in small cell lung cancer.
Sci Rep. 13 (1): 11775. -
Shishido, S.N. et al. (2024) Cancer-related cells and oncosomes in the liquid biopsy of pancreatic cancer patients undergoing surgery.
NPJ Precis Oncol. 8 (1): 36. -
Bai, L. et al. (2024) Longitudinal tracking of circulating rare events in the liquid biopsy of stage III-IV non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Discov Oncol. 15 (1): 142.
Further Reading
-
DeLisser, H.M. et al. (1994) Molecular and functional aspects of PECAM-1/CD31.
Immunol Today. 15 (10): 490-5.
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