CD163 antibody | 2A10/11
Mouse anti Porcine CD163 antibody, clone 2A10/11 (MCA2311) used for the evaluation of pCD163 in transfected murine cells by western blotting and immunofluorescence.
Image caption:
Generation of MH-SCD163 and RAW264.7CD163 cell lines. MH-S and RAW264.7 cells were transduced with the indicated lentiviral constructs and puromycin-resistance cells were selected and subcloned. Each cell line was stained with anti-pCD163 mAb to measure pCD163 expression by immunofluorescence assay (a) and western blot (b). c Total RNA of each cell line was isolated and reverse transcribed to amplify the full-length gene coding for pCD163. GAPDH transcripts were amplified to normalize the total amount of input RNA.
From: Li L, Wu C, Hou G, Xue B, Xie S, Zhao Q, Nan Y, Zhang G, Zhou EM.
Generation of murine macrophage-derived cell lines expressing porcine CD163 that support porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection.
BMC Biotechnol. 2017 Nov 9;17(1):77.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Porcine CD163 antibody, clone 2A11/10 (MCA2311) used to evaluate CD163 expression on leukocyte populations by flow cytometry.
Image caption:
Overview of flow cytometry analyses.
(B) Representative CD163 vs. CD14 dot-plots of macrophages (blue) and monocyte subpopulations (green: SLA-DR–, red: SLA-DR+) in various body compartments of control and APP-infected pigs.
From: Ondrackova P, Leva L, Kucerova Z, Vicenova M, Mensikova M, Faldyna M.
Distribution of porcine monocytes in different lymphoid tissues and the lungs during experimental Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection and the role of chemokines.
Vet Res. 2013 Oct 17;44:98.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Porcine CD163 antibody, clone 2A10/11 (MCA2311GA) used to evaluate pCD163 expression in transfected cells by immunofluorescence.
Image caption:
FA analysis of the expression of pCD163 in MARC-145 (a) or pCD163-MARC cells (b) using mouse anti-pCD163 monoclonal antibody.
From: Wu X, Qi J, Cong X, Chen L, Hu Y, Yoo D, Wang G, Tian F, Li F, Sun W, Chen Z, Guo L, Wu J, Li J, Wang J, Zhao X, Du Y.
Establishment and Characterization of a High and Stable Porcine CD163-Expressing MARC-145 Cell Line.
Biomed Res Int. 2018 Feb 21;2018:4315861.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Porcine CD163 antibody, clone 2A10/11 (MCA2311GA) used to evaluate pCD163 expression in transfected cells by western blotting.
Image caption:
Identification of the expression level of pCD163 in MARC-145 and pCD163-MARC cells by western blotting. Anti-pCD163 antibody was used to detect the expression level of pCD163 in MARC-145 (lane 1) and pCD163-MARC cells (lane 2). β-actin was used as loading control. The data presented here were results from one experiment of three western blotting experiments.
From: Wu X, Qi J, Cong X, Chen L, Hu Y, Yoo D, Wang G, Tian F, Li F, Sun W, Chen Z, Guo L, Wu J, Li J, Wang J, Zhao X, Du Y.
Establishment and Characterization of a High and Stable Porcine CD163-Expressing MARC-145 Cell Line.
Biomed Res Int. 2018 Feb 21;2018:4315861.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Image caption:
ΔSRCR5 peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (PMMs) are fully differentiated and express macrophage-specific markers.
Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from the blood of the wild type (red), heterozygous (blue), and ΔSRCR5 (green) animals. Following cultivation in the presence of recombinant human CSF1 (rhCSF1) for seven days PMMs were analyzed by FACS. A) Co-staining with CD14-FITC and CD16-PE antibodies recognizing the native structure of the proteins (colored contour plots; red wild type, blue heterozygous, green ΔSRCR5) relative to isotype controls (grey). B) Co-staining with CD169-FITC and CD172a-PE antibodies recognizing the native structure of the proteins (colored contour plots) relative to isotype controls (grey). C) Co-staining with SWC9 (CD203a)-FITC and CD151-RPE antibodies recognizing the native structure of the proteins (colored contour plots) relative to isotype controls (grey). D) Staining against the native structure of surface expressed CD163 (colored) relative to an isotype control staining (grey).
From: Burkard C, Lillico SG, Reid E, Jackson B, Mileham AJ, Ait-Ali T, et al. (2017)
Precision engineering for PRRSV resistance in pigs: Macrophages from genome edited pigs lacking CD163 SRCR5 domain are fully resistant to both PRRSV genotypes while maintaining biological function.
PLoS Pathog 13(2): e1006206.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Image caption:
ΔSRCR peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (PMMs) still function as hemoglobin-haptoglobin (Hb-Hp) scavengers.
Visualization of Hb-Hp uptake. PMMs were incubated for 30 min with 10 μg/ml HbAF488-Hp. Cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained against CD163 and with DAPI. Representatively shown are pig 628 as wild type and 630 as ΔSRCR5 animals. Scale bar represents 40 μm.
From: Burkard C, Lillico SG, Reid E, Jackson B, Mileham AJ, Ait-Ali T, et al. (2017)
Precision engineering for PRRSV resistance in pigs: Macrophages from genome edited pigs lacking CD163 SRCR5 domain are fully resistant to both PRRSV genotypes while maintaining biological function.
PLoS Pathog 13(2): e1006206.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Image caption:
ΔSRCR5 pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) are fully differentiated and express macrophage-specific markers.
PAMs isolated by bronchoalveolar lavage were assessed by staining with various macrophage markers and FACS analysis. A) Co-staining with CD14-FITC and CD16-PE antibodies recognizing the native structure of the proteins (colored contour plots; red wild type, blue heterozygous, green ΔSRCR5) relative to isotype controls (grey). B) Co-staining with CD169-FITC and CD172a-PE antibodies recognizing the native structure of the proteins (colored contour plots) relative to isotype controls (grey). C) Staining against the native structure of surface expressed CD163 (colored) relative to an isotype control staining (grey).
From: Burkard C, Lillico SG, Reid E, Jackson B, Mileham AJ, Ait-Ali T, et al. (2017)
Precision engineering for PRRSV resistance in pigs: Macrophages from genome edited pigs lacking CD163 SRCR5 domain are fully resistant to both PRRSV genotypes while maintaining biological function.
PLoS Pathog 13(2): e1006206.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Porcine CD163 antibody, clone 2A10/11 (MCA2311) used for the evaluation of CD163 expression on cultured mononuclear cells by immunofluorescence.
Image caption:
Co-culturing blood monocytic cells with immortalized mesenchymal cells.
CD163 expression. Each point represents an individual pig (three independent experiments). FI: fluorescent intensity.
From: Garba A, Desmarets LMB, Acar DD, Devriendt B, Nauwynck HJ (2017)
Immortalized porcine mesenchymal cells derived from nasal mucosa, lungs, lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow retain their stemness properties and trigger the expression of siglec-1 in co-cultured blood monocytic cells.
PLoS ONE. 12(10): e0186343.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a rel="noopener"Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Porcine CD163 antibody, clone 2A10/11 (MCA2311GA) used for the evaluation of CD163 expression on Sn-CD163 transfected PK15 cells by immunofluorescence.
Image caption:
Construction of CHOSn-CD163 and PK15Sn-CD163 cell lines.
A) Schematic representation of the construction of CHOSn-CD163 and PK15Sn-CD163 cell lines
To construct a cell line co-expressing Sn and CD163, CHO-K1 or PK15 cells were transfected with a plasmid containing the Sn cDNA and a geneticine resistance gene. The cells were single cell cloned and clones were screened for Sn expressing cells. After selection for geneticine resistance, the obtained CHOSn or PK15Sn cells were transfected with a plasmid containing the CD163 cDNA and a zeocin resistance gene, which allowed selection of cells expressing both Sn and CD163.
B) Immunofluorescence staining of the obtained CHOSn-CD163 or PK15Sn-CD163 cells for Sn and CD163.
Some CHOSn-CD163 clones (IF3, IC5 and ID9) and PK15Sn-CD163 clones (IXA3 and IXH7) are represented with their Sn and CD163 expression.
From: Delrue I, Van Gorp H, Van Doorsselaere J, Delputte PL, Nauwynck HJ.
Susceptible cell lines for the production of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by stable transfection of sialoadhesin and CD163.
BMC Biotechnol. 2010 Jun 29;10:48.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Porcine CD163 antibody, clone 2A11/10 (MCA2311) used to evaluate CD163 expression on tracheobronchial lymph node and spleen tissue cryostat sections by immunohistochemistry.
Image caption:
Representative pictures of immunohistochemical detection of CD163+ cells in tracheobronchial lymph node and spleen.
CD163+ cells were detected in tracheobronchial lymph nodes from control (A) and APP-infected pigs (B) and in spleen from control (C) and APP-infected pigs (D). Immunohistochemical visualization: horseradish peroxidase, brown substrate, hematoxylin counterstain; c, cortex; ca, central artery; e, ellipsoid; f, follicle; mz, marginal zone; pals, periarterial lymphatic sheath, rp, red pulp; s, subcapsular sinus.
From: Ondrackova P, Leva L, Kucerova Z, Vicenova M, Mensikova M, Faldyna M.
Distribution of porcine monocytes in different lymphoid tissues and the lungs during experimental Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection and the role of chemokines.
Vet Res. 2013 Oct 17;44:98.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Porcine CD163 antibody, clone 2A10/11 (MCA2311GA) used to evaluate pCD163 expression in transfected cells by western blotting.
Image caption:
Identification of the expression level of pCD163 in MARC-145 and pCD163-MARC cells by western blotting. Anti-pCD163 antibody was used to detect the expression level of pCD163 in MARC-145 (lane 1) and pCD163-MARC cells (lane 2). β-actin was used as loading control. The data presented here were results from one experiment of three western blotting experiments.
From: Wu X, Qi J, Cong X, Chen L, Hu Y, Yoo D, Wang G, Tian F, Li F, Sun W, Chen Z, Guo L, Wu J, Li J, Wang J, Zhao X, Du Y.
Establishment and Characterization of a High and Stable Porcine CD163-Expressing MARC-145 Cell Line.
Biomed Res Int. 2018 Feb 21;2018:4315861.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Pig CD163:FITC
Mouse anti Pig CD163
Mouse anti Pig CD163:RPE
- Product Type
- Monoclonal Antibody
- Clone
- 2A10/11
- Isotype
- IgG1
| Product Code | Applications | Pack Size | List Price | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MCA2311F | F | 0.1 mg |
|
|
| MCA2311GA | C F IF IP WB* | 0.1 mg |
|
|
| MCA2311PE | F | 100 Tests |
|
Mouse anti Pig CD163 antibody, clone 2A10/11 recognises porcine CD163, a ~120 kDa single pass type 1 transmembrane cell surface glycoprotein expressed on cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The expression levels of CD163 vary during the course of macrophage differentiation. The highest levels of CD163 expression are found on tissue macrophages but bone marrow derived cells are CD163 negative. Expression of CD163 on peripheral blood monocytes varies between about 5% and 50% depending on the donor (Sanchez et al. 1999).
Mouse anti Pig CD163, clone 2A10/11 is reported to inhibit both African swine fever infection and viral particle binding to alveolar macrophages in a dose-dependent manner (Sanchez-Torres et al. 2003).
Mouse anti Pig CD163, clone 2A10/11 is reported to inhibit both African swine fever infection and viral particle binding to alveolar macrophages in a dose-dependent manner (Sanchez-Torres et al. 2003).
Product Details
- Target Species
- Pig
- Product Form
- Purified IgG conjugated to Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Isomer 1 (FITC) - liquid
- Product Form
- Purified IgG - liquid
- Product Form
- Purified IgG conjugated to R. Phycoerythrin (RPE) - lyophilized
- Reconstitution
- Reconstitute with 1.0ml distilled water
- Preparation
- Purified IgG prepared by affinity chromatography on Protein A from tissue culture supernatant
- Preparation
- Purified IgG prepared by affinity chromatography on Protein A from tissue culture supernatant
- Preparation
- Purified IgG prepared by affinity chromatography on Protein A from tissue culture supernatant
- Buffer Solution
- Phosphate buffered saline
- Buffer Solution
- Phosphate buffered saline
- Buffer Solution
- Phosphate buffered saline
- Preservative Stabilisers
0.09% Sodium Azide 1% Bovine Serum Albumin - Preservative Stabilisers
- 0.09% Sodium Azide (NaN3)
- Preservative Stabilisers
0.09% Sodium Azide 1% Bovine Serum Albumin 5% Sucrose - Carrier Free
- Yes
- Immunogen
- Porcine alveolar macrophages.
- Approx. Protein Concentrations
- IgG concentration 0.1 mg/ml
- Approx. Protein Concentrations
- IgG concentration 1.0 mg/ml
- Fusion Partners
- Spleen cells from immunised BALB/c mice were fused with cells of the X63-Ag.8.653 myeloma cell line.
Storage Information
- Storage
- Store at +4oC or at -20oC if preferred.
This product should be stored undiluted.
Storage in frost free freezers is not recommended. This product is photosensitive and should be protected from light.
Avoid repeated freezing and thawing as this may denature the antibody. Should this product contain a precipitate we recommend microcentrifugation before use. - Storage
- Store at +4oC or at -20oC if preferred.
Storage in frost-free freezers is not recommended.
This product should be stored undiluted. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing as this may denature the antibody. Should this product contain a precipitate we recommend microcentrifugation before use. - Storage
- Store at +4oC. DO NOT FREEZE.
This product should be stored undiluted. This product is photosensitive and should be protected from light. Should this product contain a precipitate we recommend microcentrifugation before use. - Guarantee
- 12 months from date of despatch
- Guarantee
- 12 months from date of despatch
- Guarantee
- 12 months from date of despatch
More Information
- UniProt
- Q2VL90
- Entrez Gene
- CD163
- GO Terms
- GO:0005886 plasma membrane
- GO:0006953 acute-phase response
- GO:0016021 integral to membrane
- GO:0005576 extracellular region
- GO:0005044 scavenger receptor activity
- Regulatory
- For research purposes only
Applications of CD163 antibody
| Application Name | Verified | Min Dilution | Max Dilution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flow Cytometry | Neat | 1/10 | |
| Flow Cytometry | 1/50 | 1/200 | |
| Immunofluorescence | |||
| Immunohistology - Frozen | |||
| Immunoprecipitation | |||
| Western Blotting 1 | |||
| Flow Cytometry | Neat | 1/10 |
- 1Clone 2A10/11 recognizes porcine CD163 under non-reducing conditions.
Where this antibody has not been tested for use in a particular technique this does not necessarily exclude its use in such procedures. It is recommended that the user titrates the antibody for use in their own system using appropriate negative/positive controls.
Where this antibody has not been tested for use in a particular technique this does not necessarily exclude its use in such procedures. It is recommended that the user titrates the antibody for use in their own system using appropriate negative/positive controls.
Where this antibody has not been tested for use in a particular technique this does not necessarily exclude its use in such procedures. It is recommended that the user titrates the antibody for use in their own system using appropriate negative/positive controls.
- Flow Cytometry
- Use 10ul of the suggested working dilution to 1x106 cells in 100ul.
- Flow Cytometry
- Use 10ul of the suggested working dilution to 1x106 cells in 100ul.
- Flow Cytometry
- Use 10ul of the suggested working dilution to 1x106 cells in 100ul.
- Western Blotting
- Clone 2A10/11 detects a band of approximately 120kD in alveolar macrophage cell lysates under non-reducing conditions.
Copyright © 2020 Bio-Rad Antibodies (formerly AbD Serotec)
Secondary Antibodies Available
Negative Isotype Controls Available
| Description | Product Code | Applications | Pack Size | List Price | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mouse IgG1 Negative Control:FITC | MCA928F | F | 100 Tests |
|
|
| Mouse IgG1 Negative Control | MCA928 | F | 100 Tests |
|
|
| Mouse IgG1 Negative Control:RPE | MCA928PE | F | 100 Tests |
|
Application Based External Images
Flow Cytometry
Functional Assays
Immunofluorescence
Immunohistology - Frozen
Immunoprecipitation
Product Specific References
Source Reference
-
Bullido, R. et al. (1997) Monoclonal antibodies specific for porcine monocytes/macrophages: macrophage heterogeneity in the pig evidenced by the expression of surface antigens.
Tissue Antigens. 49 (4): 403-13.
Antibody Characterization Reference
-
Sánchez, C. et al. (1999) The porcine 2A10 antigen is homologous to human CD163 and related to macrophage differentiation.
J Immunol. 162 (9): 5230-7.
References for CD163 antibody
-
Yang, P. et al. (2002) Immune cells in the porcine retina: distribution, characterization and morphological features.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 43 (5): 1488-92. -
Thacker, E. et al. (2001) Summary of workshop findings for porcine myelomonocytic markers.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 80 (1-2): 93-109. -
Sánchez-Torres, C. et al. (2003) Expression of porcine CD163 on monocytes/macrophages correlates with permissiveness to African swine fever infection.
Arch Virol. 148 (12): 2307-23. -
Gómez del Moral M et al. (1999) African swine fever virus infection induces tumor necrosis factor alpha production: implications in pathogenesis.
J Virol. 73 (3): 2173-80. -
De Baere, M.I. et al. (2012) Interaction of the European genotype porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) with sialoadhesin (CD169/Siglec-1) inhibits alveolar macrophage phagocytosis.
Vet Res. 43: 47. -
Prather, R.S. et al. (2013) An Intact Sialoadhesin (Sn/SIGLEC1/CD169) Is Not Required for Attachment/Internalization of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus.
J Virol. 87: 9538-46. -
Delrue, I. et al. (2010) Susceptible cell lines for the production of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by stable transfection of sialoadhesin and CD163.
BMC Biotechnol. 10: 48. -
Katchman, H. et al. (2008) Embryonic porcine liver as a source for transplantation: advantage of intact liver implants over isolated hepatoblasts in overcoming homeostatic inhibition by the quiescent host liver.
Stem Cells. 26: 1347-55. -
Moreno, S.et al. (2010) Porcine monocyte subsets differ in the expression of CCR2 and in their responsiveness to CCL2.
Vet Res. 41: 76. -
Ondrackova, P. et al. (2010) Porcine mononuclear phagocyte subpopulations in the lung, blood and bone marrow: dynamics during inflammation induced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
Vet Res. 41: 64. -
Urbieta Caceres, V.H. et al. (2011) Early experimental hypertension preserves the myocardial microvasculature but aggravates cardiac injury distal to chronic coronary artery obstruction.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 300: H693-701. -
Das, P.B. et al. (2010) The minor envelope glycoproteins GP2a and GP4 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus interact with the receptor CD163.
J Virol. 84: 1731-40. -
Gimeno, M. et al. (2011) Cytokine profiles and phenotype regulation of antigen presenting cells by genotype-I porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates.
Vet Res. 42: 9. -
Costa-Hurtado, M. et al. (2013) Changes in macrophage phenotype after infection of pigs with Haemophilus parasuis strains with different levels of virulence.
Infect Immun. 81 (7): 2327-33. -
Ma, H. et al. (2016) Crystal Structure of the Fifth Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich Domain (SRCR5) from Porcine CD163 Reveals an Important Residue Involved in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection.
J Virol. pii: JVI.01897-16. [Epub ahead of print] -
Popescu, L. et al. (2017) Genetically edited pigs lacking CD163 show no resistance following infection with the African swine fever virus isolate, Georgia 2007/1.
Virology. 501: 102-6. -
Stenfeldt, C. et al. (2014) Morphologic and phenotypic characteristics of myocarditis in two pigs infected by foot-and mouth disease virus strains of serotypes O or A.
Acta Vet Scand. 56: 42. -
Sang, Y. et al. (2014) Antiviral Regulation in Porcine Monocytic Cells at Different Activation States.
J Virol. pii: JVI.01714-14. -
Haslauer, C.M. et al. (2014) Gene expression of catabolic inflammatory cytokines peak before anabolic inflammatory cytokines after ACL injury in a preclinical model.
J Inflamm (Lond). 11 (1): 34. -
Kyrova K et al. (2014) The response of porcine monocyte derived macrophages and dendritic cells to Salmonella typhimurium and lipopolysaccharide.
BMC Vet Res. 10: 244. -
Le Luduec, J.B. et al. (2016) Intradermal vaccination with un-adjuvanted sub-unit vaccines triggers skin innate immunity and confers protective respiratory immunity in domestic swine.
Vaccine. 34 (7): 914-22. -
Zhang, L. et al. (2016) Developing a Triple Transgenic Cell Line for High-Efficiency Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection.
PLoS One. 11 (5): e0154238. -
Gu, M.J. et al. (2016) Barrier protection via Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in porcine intestinal epithelial cells damaged by deoxynivalnol.
Vet Res. 47: 25. -
Li, H. et al. (2015) Function of CD163 fragments in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection.
Int J Clin Exp Med. 8 (9): 15373-82. -
Deloizy, C. et al. (2016) Expanding the tools for identifying mononuclear phagocyte subsets in swine: Reagents to porcine CD11c and XCR1.
Dev Comp Immunol. 65: 31-40. -
Kapetanovic, R. et al. (2012) Pig bone marrow-derived macrophages resemble human macrophages in their response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
J Immunol. 188: 3382-94. -
Westover, A.J. et al. (2016) An Immunomodulatory Device Improves Insulin Resistance in Obese Porcine Model of Metabolic Syndrome.
J Diabetes Res. 2016: 3486727. -
Contreras, G.A. et al. (2016) Adipose tissue remodeling in late-lactation dairy cows during feed-restriction-induced negative energy balance.
J Dairy Sci. 99 (12): 10009-21. -
Garba, A. et al. (2017) Immortalized porcine mesenchymal cells derived from nasal mucosa, lungs, lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow retain their stemness properties and trigger the expression of siglec-1 in co-cultured blood monocytic cells
PLOS ONE. 12 (10): e0186343. -
Singleton, H. et al. (2016) Establishing Porcine Monocyte-Derived Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Systems for Studying the Interaction with PRRSV-1.
Front Microbiol. 7: 832. -
Li, L. et al. (2017) Generation of murine macrophage-derived cell lines expressing porcine CD163 that support porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection.
BMC Biotechnol. 17 (1): 77. -
Wu, X. et al. (2018) Establishment and Characterization of a High and Stable Porcine CD163-Expressing MARC-145 Cell Line.
Biomed Res Int. 2018: 4315861. -
Burkard, C. et al. (2017) Precision engineering for PRRSV resistance in pigs: Macrophages from genome edited pigs lacking CD163 SRCR5 domain are fully resistant to both PRRSV genotypes while maintaining biological function.
PLoS Pathog. 13 (2): e1006206. -
Sautter, C.A. et al. (2018) Phenotypic and functional modulations of porcine macrophages by interferons and interleukin-4.
Dev Comp Immunol. 84: 181-92. -
Bacou, E. et al. (2017) β2-adrenoreceptor stimulation dampens the LPS-induced M1 polarization in pig macrophages.
Dev Comp Immunol. 76: 169-76.
Further Reading
-
Piriou-Guzylack, L. (2008) Membrane markers of the immune cells in swine: an update.
Vet Res. 39: 54.
