Thioredoxin antibody | 2B1
Mouse anti Human thioredoxin antibody, clone 2B1 (MCA1538) used to assess its ability to to inhibit HIV infection of primary human monocyte derived macrophages in vitro
Image caption:
Inhibition of thiol-disulfide exchange suppresses HIV-1 infection of primary human MDM. After preincubation for 30 minutes. with various concentrations of DTNB, anti-PDI or anti-Trx mAbs, MDM were infected (in duplicate, in the presence of the inhibitors) for 4 h with the HIV-1 strains indicated, washed twice, and then maintained in MØ medium without the reagents. Cell culture supernatants were harvested and replenished (80% v/v) every three days, and harvested supernatants were stored at −80°C before being analyzed for reverse transcriptase (RT) activity.
From: Stantchev TS, Paciga M, Lankford CR, Schwartzkopff F, Broder CC, Clouse KA.
Cell-type specific requirements for thiol/disulfide exchange during HIV-1 entry and infection.
Retrovirology. 2012 Dec 3;9:97.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Human thioredoxin antibody, clone 2B1 (MCA1538) used to assess its ability to inhibit HIV infection of PM-1 T-cells. in vitro
Image caption:
Anti-PDI,but not anti-Thioredoxin mAbs inhibit HIV-1 infection in PM-1 T-cell line.A. PM-1 cells were pre-incubated for 1 h in RPMI-1640 containing the indicated concentrations of nonspecific mouse IgG, anti-PDI or anti-Trx mAbs prior to infection with HIV-1JR-FL Env pseudotyped, Luc reporter gene-encoding virus particles for 2.5 h in the presence of the different mAbs. After the infection period, cells were washed and further incubated for 48 h in RC-10 before being lysed with 0.5% Triton-X100 in PBS and Luc activity was measured. B, C. Following preincubation for 30 minutes with 5 mM DTNB, anti-PDI or anti-Trx mAbs, PM-1cells were infected with HIV-1ADA (panel B) or HIV-1LAV (panel C). After infection for 2 h in the presence of the aforementioned inhibitors, the PM-1 cells were washed and further incubated in RC-10 without DTNB or mAbs. Cell culture supernatants were collected every two days and cryopreserved before being evaluated for RT activity.
From: Stantchev TS, Paciga M, Lankford CR, Schwartzkopff F, Broder CC, Clouse KA.
Cell-type specific requirements for thiol/disulfide exchange during HIV-1 entry and infection.
Retrovirology. 2012 Dec 3;9:97.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Human thioredoxin antibody, clone 2B1 (MCA1538) used to assess thioredoxin expression levels on different cell types in culture by flow cytometry.
Image caption:
Cell surface expression of PDI and/or Thioredoxin. PM-1 T cells (panel A), primary human MDM (panel B) and PBLs (panel C) were isolated and cultured as described in Methods. Subsequently, the cells were fixed with 1.6% paraformaldehyde and treated with NH4Cl to quench the reactive aldehyde groups before labeling. The PDI and Trx levels on the cell surface were detected by a combination of directly labeled anti-PDI-FITC and anti-Trx-APC mAbs from the same clones used in the HIV-1 infection experiments. In addition, the unstimulated and PHA-P stimulated PBLs were labeled with anti-CD4-Pacific blue conjugated mAb, and the PDI and Trx expression were analyzed on the CD4+ lymphocyte (Ly) population. The results were analyzed and the final graphs were created using FlowJo software.
From: Stantchev TS, Paciga M, Lankford CR, Schwartzkopff F, Broder CC, Clouse KA.
Cell-type specific requirements for thiol/disulfide exchange during HIV-1 entry and infection.
Retrovirology. 2012 Dec 3;9:97.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Human thioredoxin antibody, clone 2B1 recognizes human thioredoxin, also known as ATL-derived factor or Surface-associated sulphydryl protein. Thioredoxin is a 105 amino acid ~12kDa dithiol oxidoreductase with powerful protein disulphide oxidoreductase activity containing a single thioredoxin domain (UniProt: P10599).
Thioredoxin is involved in a number of cellular processes, including activation of the transcription factor NF-KB (Kelleher et al. 2014). Thioredoxin is highly expressed in the glandular cells of the GI tract and uterine tissues, also activated B and T-cells (Rubartelli et al. 1992).
Mouse anti Human thioredoxin antibody, clone 2B1 has been used successfully in a biotinylated format as a detection reagent in a thioredoxin sandwich ELISA as part of a study looking at thioredoxin levels in placental trophoblast cells (Di Trapani et al. 1998), a study which also used the antibody for immunoprecipitation of thioredoxin as well as detection of thioredoxin by western blotting.
Mouse anti Human thioredoxin antibody, clone 2B1 is also useful for the demonstration of thioredoxin expression on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded material by immunohistochemistry (Lincoln et al. 2003). Clone 2B1 has also been used as a capture reagent in a sandwich ELISA for thioredoxin (Perking et al. 1995).
Thioredoxin is involved in a number of cellular processes, including activation of the transcription factor NF-KB (Kelleher et al. 2014). Thioredoxin is highly expressed in the glandular cells of the GI tract and uterine tissues, also activated B and T-cells (Rubartelli et al. 1992).
Mouse anti Human thioredoxin antibody, clone 2B1 has been used successfully in a biotinylated format as a detection reagent in a thioredoxin sandwich ELISA as part of a study looking at thioredoxin levels in placental trophoblast cells (Di Trapani et al. 1998), a study which also used the antibody for immunoprecipitation of thioredoxin as well as detection of thioredoxin by western blotting.
Mouse anti Human thioredoxin antibody, clone 2B1 is also useful for the demonstration of thioredoxin expression on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded material by immunohistochemistry (Lincoln et al. 2003). Clone 2B1 has also been used as a capture reagent in a sandwich ELISA for thioredoxin (Perking et al. 1995).
Product Details
- Target Species
- Human
- Species Cross-Reactivity
-
Target Species Cross Reactivity Marmoset - N.B. Antibody reactivity and working conditions may vary between species.
- Product Form
- Purified IgG - liquid
- Buffer Solution
- Phosphate buffered saline
- Preservative Stabilisers
- <0.1% Sodium Azide (NaN3)
- Immunogen
- Recombinant human thioredoxin.
- Approx. Protein Concentrations
- IgG concentration 1.0 mg/ml
Storage Information
- Storage
- This product is shipped at ambient temperature. It is recommended to aliquot and store at -20°C on receipt. When thawed, aliquot the sample as needed. Keep aliquots at 2-8°C for short term use (up to 4 weeks) and store the remaining aliquots at -20°C.
Avoid repeated freezing and thawing as this may denature the antibody. Storage in frost-free freezers is not recommended. - Guarantee
- 12 months from date of despatch
More Information
- UniProt
- P10599
- Entrez Gene
- TXN
- GO Terms
- GO:0005515 protein binding
- GO:0005576 extracellular region
- GO:0005829 cytosol
- GO:0007165 signal transduction
- GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
- GO:0022900 electron transport chain
- GO:0006350 transcription
- GO:0006810 transport
- GO:0006928 cellular component movement
- GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling
- GO:0008283 cell proliferation
- GO:0009314 response to radiation
- GO:0015949 nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide interconversion
- GO:0033158 regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation
- GO:0043388 positive regulation of DNA binding
- Regulatory
- For research purposes only
Applications of Thioredoxin antibody
| Application Name | Verified | Min Dilution | Max Dilution |
|---|---|---|---|
| ELISA | |||
| Flow Cytometry | |||
| Immunohistology - Frozen | |||
| Immunohistology - Paraffin | |||
| Western Blotting | 10ug/ml | 50ug/ml |
Where this antibody has not been tested for use in a particular technique this does not necessarily exclude its use in such procedures. Suggested working dilutions are given as a guide only. It is recommended that the user titrates the antibody for use in their own system using appropriate negative/positive controls.
Copyright © 2022 Bio-Rad Antibodies (formerly AbD Serotec)
Secondary Antibodies Available
Negative Isotype Controls Available
| Description | Product Code | Applications | Pack Size | List Price | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mouse IgG1 Negative Control | MCA928 | F | 100 Tests |
|
Product Specific References
References for Thioredoxin antibody
-
Perkins, A.V. et al. (1995) Immunocytochemical localization of thioredoxin in human trophoblast and decidua.
Placenta. 16 (7): 635-42. -
Lincoln, D.T. et al. (2003) The thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase system: over-expression in human cancer.
Anticancer Res. 23 (3B): 2425-33. -
Stantchev, T.S. et al. (2012) Cell-type specific requirements for thiol/disulfide exchange during HIV-1 entry and infection.
Retrovirology. 9: 97. -
Ma, X. et al. (2001) Regulation of interferon and retinoic acid-induced cell death activation through thioredoxin reductase.
J Biol Chem. 276: 24843-54. -
Ramanathan, R.K. et al. (2007) A Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of PX-12, a novel inhibitor of thioredoxin-1, in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Clin Cancer Res. 13: 2109-14. -
Arnold, N.B. et al. (2004) Thioredoxin is downstream of Smad7 in a pathway that promotes growth and suppresses cisplatin-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer.
Cancer Res. 64: 3599-606. -
Kinoshita, T. et al. (2007) Thioredoxin prevents the development and progression of elastase-induced emphysema.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 354: 712-9. -
Dorion, S. et al. (2002) Activation of the p38 signaling pathway by heat shock involves the dissociation of glutathione S-transferase Mu from Ask1.
J Biol Chem. 277: 30792-7. -
Sensi, M. et al. (2005) Immunogenicity without immunoselection: a mutant but functional antioxidant enzyme retained in a human metastatic melanoma and targeted by CD8(+) T cells with a memory phenotype.
Cancer Res. 65: 632-40. -
Mamoon, N.M. et al. (2007) Multiple cysteine residues are implicated in Janus kinase 2-mediated catalysis.
Biochemistry. 46: 14810-8. -
Agathanggelou, A. et al. (2003) Identification of Novel Gene Expression Targets for the Ras Association Domain Family 1 (RASSF1A) Tumor Suppressor Gene in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Neuroblastoma.
Cancer Res. 63: 5344-51. -
Di Trapani, G. et al. (1998) Production and secretion of thioredoxin from transformed human trophoblast cells.
Mol Hum Reprod. 4: 369-75. -
Lopata, A. et al. (2001) Expression and localization of thioredoxin during early implantation in the marmoset monkey.
Mol Hum Reprod. 7: 1159-65. -
Wang, M.Y. et al. (2011) A redox switch in C-reactive protein modulates activation of endothelial cells.
FASEB J. 25 (9): 3186-96.
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