Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 antibody | A6.4.12
Mouse anti poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 antibody, clone A6.4.12 used to immunolocalize PARP-1 expression in normal and Alzheimer's diseased brain by immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections.
Image caption:
Nucleolar PARP-1 immunoreactivity in AD ranged from absent to dispersed and less intense compared to that of controls. ((a) and (b)) Representative immunostaining with diaminobenzidine (DAB) of human hippocampal pyramidal neurons in CA1 region. (a) Prominent nucleolar staining of PARP-1 (arrows) was seen in most of pyramidal neurons of a control case. (b) The nucleolar staining of PARP-1 ranged from absent (arrowheads) to a more dispersed pattern with less intensity of label (arrows) in pyramidal neurons of an AD case.
From: Jianying Zeng, Jenny Libien, Fatima Shaik, Jason Wolk, and A. Iván Hernández,
“Nucleolar PARP-1 Expression Is Decreased in Alzheimer's Disease: Consequences for Epigenetic Regulation of rDNA and Cognition,”
Neural Plasticity, vol. 2016, Article ID 8987928.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 antibody, clone A6.4.12 used to immunolocalize PARP-1 expression in normal and Alzheimer's diseased brain by immunofluorescence on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections.
Image caption:
PARP-1 nucleolar immunoreactivity is altered in hippocampal pyramidal cells in AD brains. Representative confocal microscopy of PARP-1 immunostaining (red) with DAPI nuclear counterstaining (blue) of CA4 hippocampal pyramidal neurons. In controls brains (a–c) a high percentage of pyramidal cell nucleoli have intense and well- delineated PARP-1 staining (arrowheads). In contrast, in AD brains (d–f), the percentage of intensely stained and well-delineated nucleoli is less than in the controls and there is a more dispersed pattern with weak label intensity ((d) and (f), arrow). ((g) and (h)) The percentage of CA1 (g) and CA4 (h) hippocampal pyramidal neurons with PARP-1 positive nucleoli staining was less in AD cases compared to controls. (Control, and for CA1 and CA4, resp.; AD, for both CA1 and CA4; .) Scale bar = 25 μM.
From: Jianying Zeng, Jenny Libien, Fatima Shaik, Jason Wolk, and A. Iván Hernández,
“Nucleolar PARP-1 Expression Is Decreased in Alzheimer's Disease: Consequences for Epigenetic Regulation of rDNA and Cognition,”
Neural Plasticity, vol. 2016, Article ID 8987928.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 antibody, clone A6.4.12 used to immunolocalize PARP-1 expression in normal and Alzheimer's diseased brain by immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections.
Image caption:
Nucleolar proteins in hippocampal pyramidal cells are altered in AD. ((a)–(h)) Representative figures show colocalization ((d) and (h), yellow) of fibrillarin ((b) and (f), green) and PARP-1 ((c) and (g), red) in the nucleoli of pyramidal neurons. Control cases exhibit high intensity staining (a–d) compared to AD (e–h) (arrowheads). In AD compared to controls, there is a lower percentage of nucleoli that are both PARP-1(+) and fibrillarin(+) ((f)-(g), arrowhead) in CA1 (see Table 2) and CA4 (see Table 3) pyramidal cells and a higher percentage of nucleoli PARP-1(−)/fibrillarin(+) ((f) and (g), arrow) in CA1 (see Table 2) and CA4 (see Table 3), suggesting that different nucleolar proteins are affected in different ways in AD. Scale bar = 20 μm.
From: Jianying Zeng, Jenny Libien, Fatima Shaik, Jason Wolk, and A. Iván Hernández,
“Nucleolar PARP-1 Expression Is Decreased in Alzheimer's Disease: Consequences for Epigenetic Regulation of rDNA and Cognition,”
Neural Plasticity, vol. 2016, Article ID 8987928.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 antibody, clone A6.4.12 (MCA1522G) used for the evaluation of PARP-1 expression in murine neural stem/progenitor cell populations by western blotting.
Image caption:
Higher amounts of p53 protein and phosphorylated p53 in NSPCs after PARP inhibition. a Cleaved fragments of caspase-3 (p17) and caspase-8 (p43/p41/p18) were clearly detectable by western blotting with specific antibodies. The cleaved fragment of pro-caspase-9 (p37) was also detectable, although the band density of this fragment was low. b Phase-contrast images were shown on the top. Higher amounts of p53 protein and phosphorylated p53 in NSPCs after PARP inhibition were also revealed by immunocytochemistry. Representative images from 4 separate experiments are shown. c Western blot analysis demonstrated that PARP-1 was abundant and activated in NSPCs in contrast to MEFs. Amounts of p53 protein and phosphorylated p53 at Ser 18 were remarkably increased by PJ34. Scale bars in (b), 20μm.
From: Okuda A, Kurokawa S, Takehashi M, Maeda A, Fukuda K, Kubo Y, Nogusa H, Takatani-Nakase T, Okuda S, Ueda K, Tanaka S.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors activate the p53 signaling pathway in neural stem/progenitor cells.
BMC Neurosci. 2017 Jan 17;18(1):14.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Human PARP-1 antibody, clone A6.4.12 (MCA1522G) used for the evaluation of PARP-1 expression on wild type and knockout hTERT immortalized retinal pigment epithelial cels by westrn blotting and immunofluorescence.
Image caption:
Development of PARP1-/-, PARP2-/-, PARP3-/- and XRCC1-/- RPE-1 cells and XRCC1 high-content imaging. Wild type (WT), PARP1-/-, PARP2-/-, PARP3-/- and XRCC1-/- RPE-1 clonal cell lines were analysed for loss of the targeted protein by (A) Western blotting and (B) immunofluorescence. Note that the PARP3 antibody available to us was not suitable for immunofluorescence.
From: Hanzlikova H, Gittens W, Krejcikova K, Zeng Z, Caldecott KW.
Overlapping rolesfor PARP1 and PARP2 in the recruitment of endogenous XRCC1 and PNKP into oxidized chromatin.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Mar 17;45(5):2546-2557.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti Human PARP-1 antibody, clone A6.4.12 (MCA1522G) used for the evaluation of PAR-1 expression on wild type and knockout hTERT immortalized retinal pigment epithelial cells by western blotting.
Image caption:
Levels of H2O2-induced ADP-ribosylation and XRCC1 recruitment into chromatin in PARP-deleted RPE-1 cells. (A) Levels of the indicated proteins (left) and ADP-ribosylated proteins (right) were compared in cell lysates from the indicated WT or mutant RPE-1 cells harvested before and after treatment with 400 μM H2O2 for 7 min by Western blotting using appropriate antibodies and anti-pan-ADP-ribose binding reagent. (B) Levels of ADP-ribosylation and chromatin-bound XRCC1 were analysed by indirect immunofluorescence in cells treated or not with H2O2 (as above) by fixation and staining with anti-pan-ADP-ribose binding reagent (top panels) or by detergent pre-extraction prior to fixation and staining with anti-XRCC1 antibody (bottom panels). Representative ScanR images are shown.
From: Hanzlikova H, Gittens W, Krejcikova K, Zeng Z, Caldecott KW.
Overlapping rolesfor PARP1 and PARP2 in the recruitment of endogenous XRCC1 and PNKP into oxidized chromatin.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Mar 17;45(5):2546-2557.
This image is from an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 antibody, clone A6.4.12 (MCA1522G) used to assess PARP-1 staining in human ovarian cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections.
Image caption:
Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining pattern of DDR markers. Scale bar = 50 μm.
From: Kubelac P, Genestie C, Auguste A, Mesnage S, Le Formal A, Pautier P, Gouy S, Morice P, Bentivegna E, Maulard A, Adam J, Achimas-Cadariu P, Leary A.
Changes in DNA Damage Response Markers with Treatment in Advanced Ovarian Cancer.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Mar 17;12(3):707.
doi: 10.3390/cancers12030707.
This image is from an open access article distributed under terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Mouse anti PARP-1 antibody, clone A6.4.12 (MCA1522G) used to evaluate PARP-1 expression in mouse forebrain tissue extracts by western blotting.
Image caption:
Protein extracts from wild‐type (WT), Xrcc1Nes‐Cre and Parp1−/− forebrain tissue, containing hippocampus and cortexA Western blot showing the level of Parp1 and Xrcc1 in the forebrain tissue extracts is shown.
From: Komulainen E, Badman J, Rey S, Rulten S, Ju L, Fennell K, Kalasova I, Ilievova K, McKinnon PJ, Hanzlikova H, Staras K, Caldecott KW.
Parp1 hyperactivity couples DNA breaks to aberrant neuronal calcium signalling and lethal seizures.
EMBO Rep. 2021 May 5;22(5):e51851.
doi: 10.15252/embr.202051851.
This image is from an open access article distributed under terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.
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WB P IF ResetMouse anti Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
- Product Type
- Monoclonal Antibody
- Clone
- A6.4.12
- Isotype
- IgG1
- Specificity
- Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
Quick Links:
Antibody Quality and 
Unrivaled 
| Mouse anti poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 antibody, clone A6.4.12 recognizes poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), a ~116 kDa nuclear enzyme, cleaved during apoptosis (Soldani et al. 2002). PARP-1, a caretaker enzyme, is involved in DNA damage repair (Langelier et al. 2013), plays roles in diabetes pathophysiology (Andreone et al. 2012) and tumour proliferation ( As well as protecting cells from genomic instability, PARP-1 is involved in the development of both inflammatory and immune responses, and cell death by apoptosis and necrosis (Erdélyi et al. 2005). Mouse anti poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 antibody, clone A6.4.12, targets PARP-1, an enzyme which represents a promising target for new developments in therapeutic treatment of immune mediated diseases ( |
- Target Species
- Human
- Species Cross-Reactivity
-
Target Species Cross Reactivity Hamster Mouse Drosophila Xenopus Rat - N.B. Antibody reactivity and working conditions may vary between species.
- Product Form
- Purified IgG - liquid
- Preparation
- Purified IgG prepared by affinity chromatography on Protein A from tissue culture supernatant.
- Buffer Solution
- Phosphate buffered saline
- Preservative Stabilisers
0.09% Sodium Azide - Carrier Free
- Yes
- Immunogen
- Human PARP-1
- Approx. Protein Concentrations
- IgG concentration 1.0 mg/ml
- Fusion Partners
- Spleen cells from immunized BALB/c mice were fused with cells of mouse NS0 myeloma cell line.
- Regulatory
- For research purposes only
- Guarantee
- 12 months from date of despatch
This product is shipped at ambient temperature. It is recommended to aliquot and store at -20°C on receipt. When thawed, aliquot the sample as needed. Keep aliquots at 2-8°C for short term use (up to 4 weeks) and store the remaining aliquots at -20°C.
Avoid repeated freezing and thawing as this may denature the antibody. Storage in frost-free freezers is not recommended.
Avoid repeated freezing and thawing as this may denature the antibody. Storage in frost-free freezers is not recommended.
This product has been reported to work in the following applications. This information is derived from testing within our laboratories, peer-reviewed publications or personal communications from the originators. Please refer to references indicated for further information. For general protocol recommendations, please visit the antibody protocols page.
| Application Name | Verified | Min Dilution | Max Dilution |
|---|---|---|---|
| ELISA |  |
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| Immunofluorescence | |
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| Immunohistology - Frozen | |
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| Immunohistology - Paraffin 1 | |
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| Immunoprecipitation | |
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| Western Blotting | |
1/1000 | 1/5000 |
- 1 Clone A6.4.12 requires antigen retrieval using heat treatment prior to staining of paraffin sections. Sodium citrate buffer pH 6.0 is recommended for this purpose.
Where this antibody has not been tested for use in a particular technique this does not necessarily exclude its use in such procedures. Suggested working dilutions are given as a guide only. It is recommended that the user titrates the antibody for use in their own system using appropriate negative/positive controls.
References for Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 antibody
-
Harris, J.L. et al. (2009) Aprataxin, poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and apurinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) function together to protect the genome against oxidative damage.
Hum Mol Genet. 18: 4102-17. -
Freire, R. et al. (2001) Cleavage of the Bloom's syndrome gene product during apoptosis by caspase-3 results in an impaired interaction with topoisomerase IIIalpha.
Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (15): 3172-80. -
Krohn, A.J. et al. (1998) Staurosporine-induced apoptosis of cultured rat hippocampal neurons involves caspase-1-like proteases as upstream initiators and increased production of superoxide as a main downstream effector.
J Neurosci. 18 (20): 8186-97. -
Staples, C.J. et al. (2010) Cross-talk between the p38alpha and JNK MAPK pathways mediated by MAP kinase phosphatase-1 determines cellular sensitivity to UV radiation.
J Biol Chem. 285 (34): 25928-40. -
Alexander, B.M. et al. (2010) DNA repair protein biomarkers associated with time to recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer.
Clin Cancer Res. 16: 5796-804. -
Gueven, N. et al. (2004) Aprataxin, a novel protein that protects against genotoxic stress.
Hum Mol Genet. 13 (10): 1081-93. -
Gueven, N. et al. (2006) Defective p53 response and apoptosis associated with an ataxia-telangiectasia-like phenotype.
Cancer Res. 66: 2907-12. -
Kim, J.W. et al. (2000) Inhibition of homodimerization of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by its C-terminal cleavage products produced during apoptosis.
J Biol Chem. 275: 8121-5.
View The Latest Product References
-
Hanzlikova, H. et al. (2017) Overlapping roles for PARP1 and PARP2 in the recruitment of endogenous XRCC1 and PNKP into oxidized chromatin.
Nucleic Acids Res. 45 (5): 2546-2557. -
Olaussen, K.A. et al. (2013) PARP1 impact on DNA repair of platinum adducts: Preclinical and clinical read-outs.
Lung Cancer. 80: 216-22. -
Fabrice, A.
et al . (2012) PARP and adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.
US patent: 20120277110 -
Geistrikh, I. et al. (2011) Ca2+-induced PARP-1 activation and ANF expression are coupled events in cardiomyocytes.
Biochem J. 438: 337-47. -
Mirzaa, G.M. et al. (2014) Mutations in CENPE define a novel kinetochore-centromeric mechanism for microcephalic primordial dwarfism.
Hum Genet. 133: 1023-39. -
Milner, R. et al. (2013) Validation of the BRCA1 antibody MS110 and the utility of BRCA1 as a patient selection biomarker in immunohistochemical analysis of breast and ovarian tumours.
Virchows Arch. 462: 269-79. -
Inbar, D. et al. (2012) Erythropoietin-driven signalling and cell migration mediated by polyADP-ribosylation.
Br J Cancer. 107: 1317-26. -
Buchsbaum, S. et al. (2012) FAT10 is a proteasomal degradation signal that is itself regulated by ubiquitination.
Mol Biol Cell. 23: 225-32. -
Mullane, S.A. et al. (2016) Expression Levels of DNA Damage Repair Proteins Are Associated With Overall Survival in Platinum-Treated Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.
Clin Genitourin Cancer. 14 (4): 352-9. -
Zeng, J. et al. (2016) Nucleolar PARP-1 Expression Is Decreased in Alzheimer's Disease: Consequences for Epigenetic Regulation of rDNA and Cognition.
Neural Plast. 2016: 8987928. -
Okuda, A. et al. (2017) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors activate the p53 signaling pathway in neural stem/progenitor cells.
BMC Neurosci. 18 (1): 14. -
Kubelac, P. et al. (2020) Changes in DNA Damage Response Markers with Treatment in Advanced Ovarian Cancer.
Cancers (Basel). 12(3): 707. -
Komulainen, E. et al. (2021) Parp1 hyperactivity couples DNA breaks to aberrant neuronal calcium signalling and lethal seizures.
EMBO Rep. 22 (5): e51851.
Further Reading
-
Pinton, G. et al. (2013) PARP1 inhibition affects pleural mesothelioma cell viability and uncouples AKT/mTOR axis via SIRT1.
J Cell Mol Med. 17: 233-41. -
Rosado, M. et al. (2013) Beyond dna repair,the immunological role of parp-1 and its siblings.
Immunology. 139: 428-37. -
Andreone, T. et al. (2012) Cytokine-mediatedβ-cell damage in PARP-1-deficient islets.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 303: E172-9. -
Langelier, M.F. and Pascal, J.M. (2013) PARP-1 mechanism for coupling DNA damage detection to poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 23: 134-43.
- RRID
- AB_2236751
- UniProt
- P09874
- Entrez Gene
- PARP1
- GO Terms
- GO:0003677 DNA binding
- GO:0003950 NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
- GO:0005635 nuclear envelope
- GO:0005667 transcription factor complex
- GO:0005730 nucleolus
- GO:0006366 transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- GO:0006471 protein ADP-ribosylation
- GO:0008134 transcription factor binding
- GO:0008270 zinc ion binding
- View More GO Terms
- GO:0042802 identical protein binding
- GO:0032869 cellular response to insulin stimulus
- GO:0045449 regulation of transcription
- GO:0047485 protein N-terminus binding
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