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CD163 antibody | ED2

Mouse anti Rat CD163:Alexa Fluor® 647

Product Type
Monoclonal Antibody
Clone
ED2
Isotype
IgG1
Specificity
CD163

Product Code Applications Pack Size List Price Your Price Qty
MCA342A647
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SDS Safety Datasheet SDS
F 100 Tests/1ml loader
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Mouse anti Rat CD163, clone ED2 recognizes the rat ED2 cell surface glycoprotein (Dijkstra et al. 1985). A 175 kDa molecule also known as rat CD163, a member of the group B scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) family and an erythroblast adhesion receptor (Fabriek et al. 2007).

Mouse anti rat CD163, clone ED2 was shown to detect approximately 50% of peritoneal macrophages, a subset of splenic macrophages, and most tissue macrophages. However, no staining was observed in monocytes or alveolar macrophages (Dijkstra et al. 1985, Beelen et al. 1987). In freshly isolated bone marrow, expression of CD163 was limited to mature macrophages only (Barbe et al. 1990).

Clone ED2 may be used in immunohistology using antigen retrieval, and has also been described reacting with paraffin-embedded material following PLP fixation (Periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde), see Whiteland et al.
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Our CD163 (ED2) Antibody has been referenced in >116 publications*


*Based on June 2020 data from CiteAb's antibody search engine.

Target Species
Rat
Product Form
Purified IgG conjugated to Alexa Fluor® 647 - liquid
Preparation
Purified IgG prepared by affinity chromatography on Protein A from tissue culture supernatant
Buffer Solution
Phosphate buffered saline
Preservative Stabilisers
0.09%Sodium Azide
1%Bovine Serum Albumin
Immunogen
Rat spleen cell homogenate.
Approx. Protein Concentrations
IgG concentration 0.05 mg/ml
Fusion Partners
Spleen cells from immunized BALB/c mice were fused with cells of the SP2/0-Ag 14 mouse myeloma cell line.
Max Ex/Em
Fluorophore Excitation Max (nm) Emission Max (nm)
Alexa Fluor®647 650 665
Regulatory
For research purposes only
Guarantee
12 months from date of despatch
Acknowledgements
This product is provided under an intellectual property licence from Life Technologies Corporation. The transfer of this product is contingent on the buyer using the purchase product solely in research, excluding contract research or any fee for service research, and the buyer must not sell or otherwise transfer this product or its components for (a) diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes; (b) testing, analysis or screening services, or information in return for compensation on a per-test basis; (c) manufacturing or quality assurance or quality control, or (d) resale, whether or not resold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than as described above, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5791 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@thermofisher.com

This product is shipped at ambient temperature. It is recommended to aliquot and store at -20°C on receipt. When thawed, aliquot the sample as needed. Keep aliquots at 2-8°C for short term use (up to 4 weeks) and store the remaining aliquots at -20°C.

Avoid repeated freezing and thawing as this may denature the antibody. Storage in frost-free freezers is not recommended. This product is photosensitive and should be protected from light.

This product has been reported to work in the following applications. This information is derived from testing within our laboratories, peer-reviewed publications or personal communications from the originators. Please refer to references indicated for further information. For general protocol recommendations, please visit the antibody protocols page.
Application Name Verified Min Dilution Max Dilution
Flow Cytometry Neat 1/10
Where this antibody has not been tested for use in a particular technique this does not necessarily exclude its use in such procedures. Suggested working dilutions are given as a guide only. It is recommended that the user titrates the antibody for use in their own system using appropriate negative/positive controls.
Flow Cytometry
Use 10ul of the suggested working dilution to label 106 cells in 100ul

Description Product Code Applications Pack Size List Price Your Price Quantity
Mouse IgG1 Negative Control:Alexa Fluor® 647 MCA1209A647 F 100 Tests/1ml loader
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Description Mouse IgG1 Negative Control:Alexa Fluor® 647

Source Reference

  1. Dijkstra, C.D. et al. (1985) The heterogeneity of mononuclear phagocytes in lymphoid organs: distinct macrophage subpopulations in the rat recognized by monoclonal antibodies ED1, ED2 and ED3.
    Immunology. 54 (3): 589-99.

References for CD163 antibody

  1. Barbe, E. et al. (1990) Characterization and expression of the antigen present on resident rat macrophages recognized by monoclonal antibody ED2.
    Immunobiol. 182: 88-99.
  2. Dijkstra, C.D. & Damoiseaux, J.G. (1993) Macrophage heterogeneity established by immunocytochemistry.
    Prog Histochem Cytochem. 27 (2): 1-65.
  3. Whiteland, J.L. et al. (1995) Immunohistochemical detection of T-cell subsets and other leukocytes in paraffin-embedded rat and mouse tissues with monoclonal antibodies.
    J Histochem Cytochem. 43 (3): 313-20.
  4. Muller, D.N. et al. (2002) Immunosuppressive treatment protects against angiotensin II-induced renal damage.
    Am J Pathol. 161: 1679-93.
  5. Polfliet, M.M.J. et al. (2002) Identification of the rat mature macrophage antigen ED2 as CD163: Regulation by glucocorticoids and role in the production of proinflammatory mediators.
    PhD Thesis. Vrije University, Amsterdam.
  6. Banerjee, S. et al. (2003) Development of organised conjunctival leucocyte aggregates after corneal transplantation in rats.
    Br J Ophthalmol. 87: 1515-22.
  7. Moghaddami, M. et al. (2005) MHC class II compartment, endocytosis and phagocytic activity of macrophages and putative dendritic cells isolated from normal tissues rich in synovium.
    Int Immunol. 17: 1117-30.
  8. Ghiringhelli, F. et al. (2005) Tumor cells convert immature myeloid dendritic cells into TGF-beta-secreting cells inducing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell proliferation.
    J Exp Med. 202: 919-29.
  9. View The Latest Product References
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    Am J Pathol. 166 (1): 93-106.
  11. Fabriek, B.O. et al. (2007) The macrophage CD163 surface glycoprotein is an erythroblast adhesion receptor.
    Blood. 109 (12): 5223-9.
  12. Wehner, S. et al. (2007) Inhibition of macrophage function prevents intestinal inflammation and postoperative ileus in rodents.
    Gut. 56: 176-85.
  13. Hamada, T. et al. (2007) Oncostatin M gene therapy attenuates liver damage induced by dimethylnitrosamine in rats.
    Am J Pathol. 171: 872-81.
  14. Keitel, V. et al. (2008) Expression and function of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in Kupffer cells.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 372: 78-84.
  15. Starke-Buzetti, W.A. et al. (2008) Increased glial-derived neurotrophic factor in the small intestine of rats infected with the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta.
    Int J Exp Pathol. 89: 458-65.
  16. Jensen, K.T. et al. (2008) Early inflammatory response of knee ligaments to prolotherapy in a rat model.
    J Orthop Res. 26: 816-23.
  17. Rosas-Ballina, M. et al. (2008) Splenic nerve is required for cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway control of TNF in endotoxemia.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105: 11008-13.
  18. Santos, M. et al. (2009) An unbiased stereological study on subpopulations of rat liver macrophages and on their numerical relation with the hepatocytes and stellate cells.
    J Anat. 214: 744-51.
  19. Yamato, M. et al. (2009) PET and macro- and microautoradiographic studies combined with immunohistochemistry for monitoring rat intestinal ulceration and healing processes.
    J Nucl Med. 50: 266-73.
  20. Yu, Y. et al. (2010) Brain perivascular macrophages and the sympathetic response to inflammation in rats after myocardial infarction.
    Hypertension. 55: 652-9.
  21. Loureiro, J. et al. (2010) BMP-7 blocks mesenchymal conversion of mesothelial cells and prevents peritoneal damage induced by dialysis fluid exposure.
    Nephrol Dial Transplant. 25: 1098-108.
  22. Bedi, A. et al. (2010) Effect of early and delayed mechanical loading on tendon-to-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
    J Bone Joint Surg Am. 92: 2387-401.
  23. Harty, M.W. et al. (2010) Neutrophil depletion blocks early collagen degradation in repairing cholestatic rat livers.
    Am J Pathol. 176: 1271-81.
  24. Fujita, E. et al. (2010) Statin attenuates experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis together with the augmentation of alternatively activated macrophages.
    Am J Pathol. 177 (3): 1143-54.
  25. Zeng, Z. et al. (2010) Heme oxygenase-1 protects donor livers from ischemia/reperfusion injury: the role of Kupffer cells.
    World J Gastroenterol. 16: 1285-92.
  26. Dessem, D. et al. (2010) Eccentric muscle contraction and stretching evoke mechanical hyperalgesia and modulate CGRP and P2X(3) expression in a functionally relevant manner.
    Pain. 149: 284-95.
  27. Schwartzkopff, J. et al. (2010) NK cell depletion delays corneal allograft rejection in baby rats.
    Mol Vis. 16: 1928-35.
  28. Teng, B.T. et al. (2011) Protective effect of caspase inhibition on compression-induced muscle damage.
    J Physiol. 589: 3349-69.
  29. Kajita, M. et al. (2011) iNOS expression in vascular resident macrophages contributes to circulatory dysfunction of splanchnic vascular smooth muscle contractions in portal hypertensive rats.
    Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 300: H1021-31.
  30. Baker, S.C. et al. (2011) Cellular integration and vascularisation promoted by a resorbable, particulate-leached, cross-linked poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffold.
    Macromol Biosci. 11 (5): 618-27.
  31. Kawakami, A.P. et al. (2011) Inflammatory Process Modulation by Homeopathic Arnica montana 6CH: The Role of Individual Variation.
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011: 917541.
  32. Wojcik, M. et al. (2012) Immunodetection of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is restricted to tissue macrophages in normal rat liver and to recruited mononuclear phagocytes in liver injury and cholangiocarcinoma.
    Histochem Cell Biol. 137: 217-33.
  33. Jiao, K. et al. (2013) The Identification of CD163 Expressing Phagocytic Chondrocytes in Joint Cartilage and Its Novel Scavenger Role in Cartilage Degradation.
    PLoS One. 8(1):e53312.
  34. Duchesne, E. et al. (2013) Mast cells can regulate skeletal muscle cell proliferation by multiple mechanisms.
    Muscle Nerve. 48 (3): 403-14.
  35. Fujii, Y. et al. (2013) Effect of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin on preneoplastic liver cell lesions induced by thioacetamide promotion in a two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis model using rats.
    Toxicology. 305: 30-40.
  36. Lobato-Pascual, A. et al. (2013) Rat macrophage C-type lectin is an activating receptor expressed by phagocytic cells.
    PLoS One. 8: e57406.
  37. Park, E.S. et al. (2014) Establishment of a rat model for canine necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME).
    Vet Pathol. 51 (6): 1151-64.
  38. Han, T.T. et al. (2015) Adipose-derived stromal cells mediate in vivo adipogenesis, angiogenesis and inflammation in decellularized adipose tissue bioscaffolds.
    Biomaterials. 72: 125-37.
  39. Stavenuiter, A.W. et al. (2015) Protective Effects of Paricalcitol on Peritoneal Remodeling during Peritoneal Dialysis.
    Biomed Res Int. 2015: 468574.
  40. Zakrzewicz, A. et al. (2015) Monocytic Tissue Transglutaminase in a Rat Model for Reversible Acute Rejection and Chronic Renal Allograft Injury.
    Mediators Inflamm. 2015: 429653.
  41. Fernandez-Bustamante, A. et al. (2015) Brief Glutamine Pretreatment Increases Alveolar Macrophage CD163/Heme Oxygenase-1/p38-MAPK Dephosphorylation Pathway and Decreases Capillary Damage but Not Neutrophil Recruitment in IL-1/LPS-Insufflated Rats.
    PLoS One. 10 (7): e0130764.
  42. Adamo, H.H. et al. (2015) Adaptive (TINT) Changes in the Tumor Bearing Organ Are Related to Prostate Tumor Size and Aggressiveness.
    PLoS One. 10 (11): e0141601.
  43. Tentillier N et al. (2016) Anti-Inflammatory Modulation of Microglia via CD163-Targeted Glucocorticoids Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in the 6-OHDA Parkinson's Disease Model.
    J Neurosci. 36 (36): 9375-90.
  44. Pannell, M. et al. (2016) Adoptive transfer of M2 macrophages reduces neuropathic pain via opioid peptides.
    J Neuroinflammation. 13 (1): 262.
  45. Almahrog, A.J. et al. (2016) In vivo. association of immunophenotyped macrophages expressing CD163 with PDGF-β in gingival overgrowth-induced by three different categories of medications.
    J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 6 (1): 10-7.
  46. Ibarra, V. et al. (2016) Evaluation of the tissue response to alginate encapsulated islets in an omentum pouch model.
    J Biomed Mater Res A. 104 (7): 1581-90.
  47. Wang, M. et al. (2017) Characterization of the Micro-Environment of the Testis that Shapes the Phenotype and Function of Testicular Macrophages.
    J Immunol. 198 (11): 4327-40.
  48. Hawkins, K.E. et al. (2017) Targeting resolution of neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke with a lipoxin A4 analog: Protective mechanisms and long-term effects on neurological recovery.
    Brain Behav. 7 (5): e00688.
  49. Chang, J.C. et al. (2019) Early Immune Response to Acute Gastric Fluid Aspiration in a Rat Model of Lung Transplantation.
    Exp Clin Transplant. 17 (1): 84-92.
  50. Azam, M. et al. (2019) Addition of 2-deoxy-d-ribose to clinically used alginate dressings stimulates angiogenesis and accelerates wound healing in diabetic rats.
    J Biomater Appl. 34 (4): 463-75.
  51. Bhandari, S. et al. (2020) Transcriptome and proteome profiling reveal complementary scavenger and immune features of rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and liver macrophages.
    BMC Mol Cell Biol. 21 (1): 85.
  52. Nishida, Y. et al. (2020) Intra-Articular Injection of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1α Promotes Meniscal Healing via Macrophage and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Accumulation in a Rat Meniscal Defect Model.
    Int J Mol Sci. 21(15):5454.
  53. Solár, P. et al. (2020) Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Increases Level of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Biliverdin Reductase in the Choroid Plexus.
    Front Cell Neurosci. 14: 593305.
  54. Li, R. et al. (2020) Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-124-3p attenuates neurological damage in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by downregulating Ern1 and promoting M2 macrophage polarization.
    Arthritis Res Ther. 22 (1): 75.
  55. Bloomer, S.A. et al. (2020) Aging results in accumulation of M1 and M2 hepatic macrophages and a differential response to gadolinium chloride.
    Histochem Cell Biol. 153 (1): 37-48.
  56. Broekaart, D.W.M. et al. (2020) Increased matrix metalloproteinases expression in tuberous sclerosis complex: modulation by microRNA 146a and 147b in vitro..
    Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 46 (2): 142-159.
  57. Kuramochi, M. et al. (2021) Involvement of neutrophils in rat livers by low-dose thioacetamide administration.
    J Vet Med Sci. 83 (3): 390-396.
  58. Matsumoto, K. et al. (2021) Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 2 in lower oesophageal sphincter in rat acid reflux oesophagitis.
    J Pharmacol Sci. 146 (3): 125-35.
  59. Koppe, C. et al. (2021) Local Inflammatory Response after Intramuscularly Implantation of Anti-Adhesive Plasma-Fluorocarbon-Polymer Coated Ti6AI4V Discs in Rats.
    Polymers (Basel). 13(16):2684.
  60. Matsuyama, S. et al. (2021) Properties of macrophages and lymphocytes appearing in rat renal fibrosis followed by repeated injection of cisplatin.
    J Vet Med Sci. 83 (9): 1435-42.
  61. Kim, S. & Son, Y. (2021) Astrocytes Stimulate Microglial Proliferation and M2 Polarization In Vitro. through Crosstalk between Astrocytes and Microglia.
    Int J Mol Sci. 22 (16): 8800.
  62. Zakerkish, F. et al. (2021) Differential effects of the immunosuppressive calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine-A and tacrolimus on ovulation in a murine model.
    Hum Reprod Open. 2021 (2): hoab012.
  63. Anderson, L.E. et al. (2021) Injection of Micronized Human Amnion/Chorion Membrane Results in Increased Early Supraspinatus Muscle Regeneration in a Chronic Model of Rotator Cuff Tear.
    Ann Biomed Eng. 49 (12): 3698-710.
  64. Hou, Y. et al. (2021) Pseudoginsenoside-F11 promotes functional recovery after transient cerebral ischemia by regulating the microglia/macrophage polarization in rats.
    Int Immunopharmacol. 99: 107896.
  65. Garcia, G.E. et al. (2021) A Novel Treatment for Glomerular Disease: Targeting the Activated Macrophage Folate Receptor with a Trojan Horse Therapy in Rats.
    Cells. 10(8): 2113.
  66. Pervin, M. et al. (2022) Possible Cytoprotection of Low Dose Lipopolysaccharide in Rat Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Lesions, Focusing on the Analyses of Hepatic Macrophages and Autophagy.
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  67. Itoh, M. et al. (2022) Time-series biological responses toward decellularized bovine tendon graft and autograft for 52 consecutive weeks after rat anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
    Sci Rep. 12 (1): 6751.
  68. Elahi, E. et al. (2022) Immune Modifying Effect of Drug Free Biodegradable Nanoparticles on Disease Course of Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis.
    Pharmaceutics. 14 (11): 2410.
  69. Hoff, U. et al. (2022) The mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin protects from premature cellular senescence early after experimental kidney transplantation.
    PLoS One. 17 (4): e0266319.
  70. Wu, C.C. et al. (2022) Preventive Intrathecal Injection of Bupivacaine Alleviated Microglia Activation and Neuropathic Pain in a Rat Model of Chronic Constriction Injury.
    Int J Mol Sci. 23 (13): 7197.
  71. Köhler, R. et al. (2022) Association of systemic antibody response against polyethylene terephthalate with inflammatory serum cytokine profile following implantation of differently coated vascular prostheses in a rat animal model.
    J Biomed Mater Res A. 110 (1): 52-63.
  72. Takei, R. et al. (2022) Dynamic switch of immunity and antitumor effects of metformin in rat spontaneous esophageal carcinogenesis.
    Cancer Immunol Immunother. 71 (4): 777-89.
  73. Yu, M. et al. (2022) Inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Alleviates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Modulating Macrophage Polarization.
    Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022: 6526036.
  74. Takami, Y. et al. (2023) The effect of lipopolysaccharide on liver homeostasis and diseases based on the mutual interaction of macrophages, autophagy, and damage-associated molecular patterns in male F344/DuCrlCrlj rats.
    Vet Pathol. 60 (4): 461-472.
  75. Anderson, L.E. et al. (2023) Bone marrow mobilization & local SDF-1α delivery enhances nascent supraspinatus muscle fiber growth.
    Tissue Eng Part A. Oct 28 [Epub ahead of print].
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Flow Cytometry

Functional Assays

Immunocytochemistry

Immunofluorescence

Immunohistology - Frozen

Immunohistology - Paraffin

Western Blotting

Synonyms
ED2
RRID
AB_2074557

MCA342A647

154290 161747

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