TGF Alpha

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Recombinant Human TGF Alpha

Product Type: Recombinant Protein
Specificity: TGF Alpha

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Recombinant human transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha

Growth factors such as TGF alpha and their respective receptors play a crucial role in regulating cell differentiation, proliferation and survival. TGF alpha stimulates cell proliferation and is expressed in a number of tissues including skin, colon, liver and kidney (Kumar et al. 1995).

TGF alpha is one of seven epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands (Singh et al. 2016). TGF alpha is synthesized in a precursor transmembrane format, which undergoes proteolytic cleavage to generate the mature extracellular soluble ligand (Singh et al. 2016). Membrane bound TGF alpha is also biologically active and induces juxtacrine signaling by binding to EGFR on neighboring cells (Schneider and Wolf 2008). Upon TGF alpha binding, the EGFR dimerizes resulting in its phosphorylation and kinase domain activation. EGFR phosphorylation activates cell signaling pathways, such as Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways (Wang et al. 2012).

Overexpression of TGF alpha is observed in numerous cancer types including triple negative breast cancer and prostate cancer. TGF alpha plays a key role in proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells (Giricz et al. 2013, Qin et al. 2014). In addition to tumors, increased TGF alpha levels have been observed in the gastric mucosa of patients suffering from the hyper-proliferative stomach disorder, Ménétrier’s disease (MD), which has resulted in the implication of TGF alpha in the pathogenesis of MD (Huh et al. 2015).

The proliferative effect of TGF alpha was demonstrated by performing a cell proliferation assay with Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. The expected ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.1-1.0 ng/ml.

Target Species: Human
Product Form: Purified recombinant protein - lyophilized
Reconstitution: Pack Size: 100 µg
Centrifuge vial prior to reconstitution. Reconstitute to 100 μg/ml by adding 1 ml ddH₂O. Care should be taken during reconstitution as the protein may appear as a film at the bottom of the vial. Bio-Rad recommend that the vial is gently mixed after reconstitution. Do not vortex.

Pack Size: 10 µg
Centrifuge vial prior to reconstitution. Reconstitute to 100 μg/ml by adding 100 μl ddH₂O. Care should be taken during reconstitution as the protein may appear as a film at the bottom of the vial. Bio-Rad recommend that the vial is gently mixed after reconstitution. Do not vortex.
Preparation: Recombinant protein expressed in E.coli and purified by ion exchange chromatography
Source: E.coli
Buffer Solution: 50 mM Tris-HCl, 0.15 M Sodium Chloride
Preservative Stabilisers: 1.0% Trehalose
Activity: Confirmed by performing an alamarBlue^® based cell proliferation assay using human breast cancer cells. The expected ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.1 - 1 ng/ml.
Purity: ≥98% determined by silver staining of SDS-PAGE gel
Approx. Protein Concentrations: 100 μg/ml after reconstitution
Protein Molecular Weight: 5.5 kDa
Endotoxin Level: < 1.0 EU/ug
Regulatory: For research purposes only
Guarantee: Guaranteed for 3 months from the date of reconstitution or until the date of expiry, whichever comes first. Please see label for expiry date.
Acknowledgements: alamarBlue is a trademark of Trek Diagnostic Systems, Inc and is manufactured for Bio-Rad by Trek Diagnostic Systems. U.S. patent 5,501,959

Prior to reconstitution store at -20^oC. Following reconstitution store at -20^oC.

This product should be stored undiluted.

Storage in frost-free freezers is not recommended. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing as this may denature the protein. Should this product contain a precipitate we recommend microcentrifugation before use.

This product has been reported to work in the following applications. This information is derived from testing within our laboratories, peer-reviewed publications or personal communications from the originators. Please refer to references indicated for further information. For general protocol recommendations, please visit the antibody protocols page.

Application Name	Verified	Min Dilution	Max Dilution
Functional Assays

Where this product has not been tested for use in a particular technique this does not necessarily exclude its use in such procedures. Suggested working dilutions are given as a guide only. It is recommended that the user titrates the product for use in their own system using appropriate negative/positive controls.

Description	Product Code	Applications	Pack Size	Your Price
Recombinant Human TGF Alpha	PHP037	E FN WB	0.1 mg	Log in	Get Quote
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Description	Recombinant Human TGF Alpha
alamarBlue®	BUF012A	E FN IF	25 ml	Log in	Get Quote
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Description	alamarBlue®